thioacetamide (TAA)-mediated hepatic oxidative stress, toxicity and tumor promotion response in rats (Hatano et al. 1988; Bettaib et al. 2017). T. gallica is very
widespread in Algeria and even the only one of its group which faces with certainty
part of the flora of the country (Battandier 1907; Marlin et al. 2017). Quezel and
Santa (1963) recorded this species in Algerian Sahara and in western of Algeria.
T. gallica is abundant along streams and wadis, on the banks of the rivers in moist
sandy soil, with a high salt content. It has long taproots that can penetrate to the deep
water tables. It flourishes within a wide range of rainfall (around 600 mm/year in the
Mediterranean regions to 100 mm/year in the Sahara) (Benhouhou 2018).
14.3 Morphological and Anatomical Adaptation Strategies
of Tamarixt to Abiotic Stress
What is abiotic stress? That corresponding to the prevailing force applied by an
environmental parameter, disturbing the usual functioning of the plant. Besides, the
plant’s response depends, on these environmental parameters (type of phenomenon,
its concentration, and its period) and genetic parameters relative to plant (species and
genotype) (Hopkins 2003). In Algerian areas, drought, salinity, calcareous, wind
erosion, hydric erosion, silting and desertification increasing constitute the most
important abiotic stress, for that plant adopts special actions to counteract these
conditions.
Saline stress is the most important problem that the Tamarix species reencounter
in Algerian areas. It concerns the accumulation of Na
+ and Cl
À in plant tissues,
which are conducted to stress states manifested by: Reduction of water potential;
Disturbance in ionic homeostasis and ionic toxicity (Hopkins 2003). According to
this abiotic stress, two morphological strategies exist: (1) plants that exclude salt,
(2) and plant which accumulate salt. The exclusion of the salt from a plant consists in
avoiding or restricting the penetration of this substance in the tissues, especially in
buds (shoots and flowers) (Benhouhou 2018). This phenomenon is specific to
“glycophytes” who do not tolerate large accumulation of inorganic ions in their
tissues. In return, salt penetration in plant leads to increase of inorganic ions in the
plant tissues; which are the case of “halophytes” plants (Hopkins 2003). In the case
of Tamarix species the osmoregulation strategy is the most important phenomenon,
it is applied by “osmoregulatory glands.” Tamarix articulata and Tamarix gallica
are considered as halophytic plants.
14.3.1 Adaptation Strategies Employed by T. articulata Under
Algerian Abiotic Stress Conditions
That concerns all modifications which affect leaves, roots, or flowers either directly
or during the growth stages. In Algerian areas, three abiotic stresses are dominant:
drought, salinity, and erosion.
408
K. Bencherif et al.
widespread in Algeria and even the only one of its group which faces with certainty
part of the flora of the country (Battandier 1907; Marlin et al. 2017). Quezel and
Santa (1963) recorded this species in Algerian Sahara and in western of Algeria.
T. gallica is abundant along streams and wadis, on the banks of the rivers in moist
sandy soil, with a high salt content. It has long taproots that can penetrate to the deep
water tables. It flourishes within a wide range of rainfall (around 600 mm/year in the
Mediterranean regions to 100 mm/year in the Sahara) (Benhouhou 2018).
14.3 Morphological and Anatomical Adaptation Strategies
of Tamarixt to Abiotic Stress
What is abiotic stress? That corresponding to the prevailing force applied by an
environmental parameter, disturbing the usual functioning of the plant. Besides, the
plant’s response depends, on these environmental parameters (type of phenomenon,
its concentration, and its period) and genetic parameters relative to plant (species and
genotype) (Hopkins 2003). In Algerian areas, drought, salinity, calcareous, wind
erosion, hydric erosion, silting and desertification increasing constitute the most
important abiotic stress, for that plant adopts special actions to counteract these
conditions.
Saline stress is the most important problem that the Tamarix species reencounter
in Algerian areas. It concerns the accumulation of Na
+ and Cl
À in plant tissues,
which are conducted to stress states manifested by: Reduction of water potential;
Disturbance in ionic homeostasis and ionic toxicity (Hopkins 2003). According to
this abiotic stress, two morphological strategies exist: (1) plants that exclude salt,
(2) and plant which accumulate salt. The exclusion of the salt from a plant consists in
avoiding or restricting the penetration of this substance in the tissues, especially in
buds (shoots and flowers) (Benhouhou 2018). This phenomenon is specific to
“glycophytes” who do not tolerate large accumulation of inorganic ions in their
tissues. In return, salt penetration in plant leads to increase of inorganic ions in the
plant tissues; which are the case of “halophytes” plants (Hopkins 2003). In the case
of Tamarix species the osmoregulation strategy is the most important phenomenon,
it is applied by “osmoregulatory glands.” Tamarix articulata and Tamarix gallica
are considered as halophytic plants.
14.3.1 Adaptation Strategies Employed by T. articulata Under
Algerian Abiotic Stress Conditions
That concerns all modifications which affect leaves, roots, or flowers either directly
or during the growth stages. In Algerian areas, three abiotic stresses are dominant:
drought, salinity, and erosion.
408
K. Bencherif et al.