83
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
H. Panwar et al. (eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 46, Sustainable
Agriculture Reviews 46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53024-2_4
Chapter 4
In Silico Approaches for Prioritizing Drug
Targets in Pathogens
Mariana Santana, Stephane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta, Arun Kumar Jaiswal,
Letícia de Castro Oliveira, Siomar C. Soares, Anderson Miyoshi,
Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Vasco Azevedo, and Sandeep Tiwari
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a natural evolutionary process in response to
antimicrobial exposure; however, the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials is accelerating this progression. The development of resistance happens when microorganisms evolve mechanism to evade damage caused by the contact with antimicrobial
drugs, such as antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, and anthelmintics,
which involves genetic changes. Infections with resistant pathogens also prompt a
higher health care cost (estimated budget of $20 billion annually in the United
M. Santana · S. F. de Oliveira Tosta · A. Miyoshi · V. Azevedo (*) · S. Tiwari (*)
Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG),
Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
A. K. Jaiswal
Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG),
Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science
and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM),
Uberaba, MG, Brazil
L. de Castro Oliveira · S. C. Soares
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science
and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM),
Uberaba, MG, Brazil
L. C. J. Alcantara
Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Mariana Santana and Stephane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta contributed equally with all other
contributors.
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
H. Panwar et al. (eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 46, Sustainable
Agriculture Reviews 46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53024-2_4
Chapter 4
In Silico Approaches for Prioritizing Drug
Targets in Pathogens
Mariana Santana, Stephane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta, Arun Kumar Jaiswal,
Letícia de Castro Oliveira, Siomar C. Soares, Anderson Miyoshi,
Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Vasco Azevedo, and Sandeep Tiwari
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a natural evolutionary process in response to
antimicrobial exposure; however, the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials is accelerating this progression. The development of resistance happens when microorganisms evolve mechanism to evade damage caused by the contact with antimicrobial
drugs, such as antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, and anthelmintics,
which involves genetic changes. Infections with resistant pathogens also prompt a
higher health care cost (estimated budget of $20 billion annually in the United
M. Santana · S. F. de Oliveira Tosta · A. Miyoshi · V. Azevedo (*) · S. Tiwari (*)
Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG),
Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
A. K. Jaiswal
Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG),
Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science
and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM),
Uberaba, MG, Brazil
L. de Castro Oliveira · S. C. Soares
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science
and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM),
Uberaba, MG, Brazil
L. C. J. Alcantara
Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Mariana Santana and Stephane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta contributed equally with all other
contributors.