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the two major sources of crop irrigation. The instability in weather and climatic
condition can easily disturb the needy requirements and hence results in less production. Moreover, non reliable agricultural practices, soil erosion, and urbanization also limit food availability (Godfray et al. 2010). Food consumers are increasing
day by day due to the increasing amount of population. The climate factors, temperature, and antimicrobial resistance can significantly damage the exchange or
trade at the national and international levels (FAO 2017). The policymakers presently need to think about an alternate arrangement of political, financial, and exceptionally safe trade system to handle antimicrobial resistance in the food chain
(George 2019).
3.4.2 The 2nd Pillar
The second pillar is food access; it means food that can be allocated to a given place
and under the reach of common people. This pillar has been found in strong association with the hunger and malnutrition as the food access inability in a population is
due to poverty, commonly, not with the shortage or scarcity of food (FAO 2017).
Food access has been categorized into two types. The first one is direct access; the
human ability to produce food itself using different approaches, agriculture, farming etc. and the second one is economic access, in which one is dependent on purchasing from the first place or primary source of production. Both types of accesses
are differing in their nature and depend on the demographic and regional trends of
an area (Egal 2019).
3.4.3 The 3rd Pillar
Food utilization is the third pillar of food security associated with food metabolism.
The food insecurity risks food utilization. The entire process of food production to
food consumption and the underlying steps of purification, cooking, and storage
decides the food utilization pathway. The food utilization is also dependent on the
cultural preference, choice of food, emotional, and psychological well being as the
metabolism disturbance creates a lack of proper food utilization. Moreover, the
presence of microbes, especially parasites, reduces food utilization. To cope with
this, proper education and sanitation can limit the spread of diseases (FAO 2017).
M. Mohsin et al.
the two major sources of crop irrigation. The instability in weather and climatic
condition can easily disturb the needy requirements and hence results in less production. Moreover, non reliable agricultural practices, soil erosion, and urbanization also limit food availability (Godfray et al. 2010). Food consumers are increasing
day by day due to the increasing amount of population. The climate factors, temperature, and antimicrobial resistance can significantly damage the exchange or
trade at the national and international levels (FAO 2017). The policymakers presently need to think about an alternate arrangement of political, financial, and exceptionally safe trade system to handle antimicrobial resistance in the food chain
(George 2019).
3.4.2 The 2nd Pillar
The second pillar is food access; it means food that can be allocated to a given place
and under the reach of common people. This pillar has been found in strong association with the hunger and malnutrition as the food access inability in a population is
due to poverty, commonly, not with the shortage or scarcity of food (FAO 2017).
Food access has been categorized into two types. The first one is direct access; the
human ability to produce food itself using different approaches, agriculture, farming etc. and the second one is economic access, in which one is dependent on purchasing from the first place or primary source of production. Both types of accesses
are differing in their nature and depend on the demographic and regional trends of
an area (Egal 2019).
3.4.3 The 3rd Pillar
Food utilization is the third pillar of food security associated with food metabolism.
The food insecurity risks food utilization. The entire process of food production to
food consumption and the underlying steps of purification, cooking, and storage
decides the food utilization pathway. The food utilization is also dependent on the
cultural preference, choice of food, emotional, and psychological well being as the
metabolism disturbance creates a lack of proper food utilization. Moreover, the
presence of microbes, especially parasites, reduces food utilization. To cope with
this, proper education and sanitation can limit the spread of diseases (FAO 2017).
M. Mohsin et al.