33
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
H. Panwar et al. (eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 46, Sustainable
Agriculture Reviews 46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53024-2_2
Chapter 2
Global Surveillance Programs
on Antimicrobial Resistance
Sunil Kumar, Mayank Chaudhary, Mukesh Yadav, and Vikas Kumar
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a huge concern for human and animal health
and the environment. All these three sectors are interconnected and influenced with
the involvement of a network of complex interacting factors. The lack of data on
mechanisms causing the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance hampers
global efforts to effectively manage the risks. Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance provides details of current scenario of antimicrobial resistance along with
other relevant information for monitoring aptness of therapy guidelines, public
health interventions, and policies for controlling infection.
Several surveillance programs are functioning in the direction of gathering the
global data on antimicrobial resistance. The global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) was launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in
2015. The European Union surveillance program presently includes different
aspects like; animal species with the highest meat production and the food derived
from them, exploring antimicrobial resistance of zoonotic and indicator bacteria.
The field of public health monitoring systems is beginning to exploit the power of
genome and metagenome sequencing by improving our ability to accurately predict
and screen for efficient and accurate surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes
within environmental, agricultural, and clinical settings. Likewise, National
Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) was established around
two decades ago to help assess the consequences to human health arising from the
use of antimicrobial drugs in food animal production in the United States. One
Health approach to surveillance can increase the performance of antimicrobial
resistance surveillance and, ultimately, improve health outcomes. This chapter presents an overview of globally adopted antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs
focussed on humans, animals, and the environment.
Keywords Antimicrobial Resistance · Surveillance · Healthcare settings · Animal
Health · One Health
S. Kumar (*) · M. Chaudhary · M. Yadav · V. Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University,
Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, India
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
H. Panwar et al. (eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 46, Sustainable
Agriculture Reviews 46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53024-2_2
Chapter 2
Global Surveillance Programs
on Antimicrobial Resistance
Sunil Kumar, Mayank Chaudhary, Mukesh Yadav, and Vikas Kumar
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a huge concern for human and animal health
and the environment. All these three sectors are interconnected and influenced with
the involvement of a network of complex interacting factors. The lack of data on
mechanisms causing the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance hampers
global efforts to effectively manage the risks. Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance provides details of current scenario of antimicrobial resistance along with
other relevant information for monitoring aptness of therapy guidelines, public
health interventions, and policies for controlling infection.
Several surveillance programs are functioning in the direction of gathering the
global data on antimicrobial resistance. The global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) was launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in
2015. The European Union surveillance program presently includes different
aspects like; animal species with the highest meat production and the food derived
from them, exploring antimicrobial resistance of zoonotic and indicator bacteria.
The field of public health monitoring systems is beginning to exploit the power of
genome and metagenome sequencing by improving our ability to accurately predict
and screen for efficient and accurate surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes
within environmental, agricultural, and clinical settings. Likewise, National
Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) was established around
two decades ago to help assess the consequences to human health arising from the
use of antimicrobial drugs in food animal production in the United States. One
Health approach to surveillance can increase the performance of antimicrobial
resistance surveillance and, ultimately, improve health outcomes. This chapter presents an overview of globally adopted antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs
focussed on humans, animals, and the environment.
Keywords Antimicrobial Resistance · Surveillance · Healthcare settings · Animal
Health · One Health
S. Kumar (*) · M. Chaudhary · M. Yadav · V. Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University,
Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, India