142
Auta A, Hadi MA, Oga E, Adewuyi EO, Abdu-Aguye SN, Adeloye D et al (2019) Global access
to antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacies: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Infect 78(1):8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2018.07.001
Bell BG, Schellevis F, Stobberingh E, Goossens H, Pringle M (2014) A systematic review and
meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. BMC Infect Dis
9(14):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-13
Bikard D, Euler C, Jiang W et al (2014) Exploiting CRISPR-Cas nucleases to produce sequencespecific antimicrobials. Nat Biotechnol 32:1146–1150. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3043
Bolotin A, Quinquis B, Sorokin A, Ehrlich SD (2005) Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin. Microbiology 151(Pt
8):2551–2561. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28048-0
Borges AL, Davidson AR, Bondy-Denomy J (2017) The discovery, mechanisms, and evolutionary impact of anti-CRISPRs. Annu Rev Virol 4(1):37–59. https://doi.org/10.1146/
annurev-virology-101416-041616
Brouns SJ, Jore MM, Lundgren M, Westra ER, Slijkhuis RJ, Snijders AP, Dickman MJ, Makarova
KS, Koonin EV, van der Oost J (2008) Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159689
Caniça M, Manageiro V, Abriouel H, Moran-Gilad J, CMAP F (2019) Antibiotic resistance in food
borne bacteria. Trends Food Sci Technol 84:41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.08.001
Carte J, Wang R, Li H, Terns RM, Terns MP (2008) Cas6 is an endoribonuclease that generates
guide RNAs for invader defense in prokaryotes. Genes Dev 22(24):3489–3496. https://doi.
org/10.1101/gad.1742908
Carter SR, Friedman RM (2016) Policy and regulatory issues for gene drives in insects: workshop
report. J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, pp 1–21
Chylinski K, Deltcheva E, Sharma CM, Gonzales K, Chao Y, Pirzada ZA et al (2011) CRISPR
RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III. Nature 471:602–607.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09886
Citorik RJ, Mimee M, Lu TK (2014) Sequence-specific antimicrobials using efficiently delivered
RNA-guided nucleases. Nat Biotechnol 32:1141. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3011
Cong L, Ran FA, Cox D, Lin S, Barretto R, Habib N, Hsu PD, Wu X, Jiang W, Marraffini LA
(2013) Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems. Science 339:819–823.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231143
Cradick TJ, Fine EJ, Antico CJ, Bao G (2013) CRISPR/Cas9 systems targeting β-globin and CCR5
genes have substantial off-target activity. Nucleic acids research. 2013:gkt714. https://doi.
org/10.1093/nar/gkt714
Czaplewski L, Bax R, Clokie M, Dawson M, Fairhead H, Fischetti VA et al (2016) Alternatives to
antibiotics-a pipeline portfolio review. Lancet Infect Dis 16:239–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1473-3099(15)00466-1
Datsenko KA, Pougach K, Tikhonov A, Wanner BL, Severinov K, Semenova E (2012) Molecular
memory of prior infections activates the CRISPR/Cas adaptive bacterial immunity system. Nat
Commun 3:945. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1937
Deltcheva E, Chylinski K, Sharma CM, Gonzales K, Chao Y, Pirzada ZA et al (2011) CRISPR RNA
maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III. Nature 471(7340):602–607.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09886
Deng H, Huang W, Zhang Z (2019) Nanotechnology based CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery
for genome editing: progress and prospect. Nano Res 12:2437. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s12274-019-2465-x
Deveau H, Barrangou R, Garneau JE, Labonte J, Fremaux C, Boyaval P et al (2008) Phage response
to CRISPR-encoded resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus. J Bacteriol. 190(4):1390–1400.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01412-07
Deveau H, Garneau JE, Annu MS (2010) CRISPR/Cas system and its role in phage-bacteria interactions. Rev Microbiol 64:475–493. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134123
Diep BA, Gill SR, Chang RF, Phan TH, Chen JH, Davidson MG, Lin Fet al. (2006) Complete
genome sequence of USA300, an epidemic clone of community-acquired meticillinA. P. Sarma et al.
Auta A, Hadi MA, Oga E, Adewuyi EO, Abdu-Aguye SN, Adeloye D et al (2019) Global access
to antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacies: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Infect 78(1):8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2018.07.001
Bell BG, Schellevis F, Stobberingh E, Goossens H, Pringle M (2014) A systematic review and
meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. BMC Infect Dis
9(14):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-13
Bikard D, Euler C, Jiang W et al (2014) Exploiting CRISPR-Cas nucleases to produce sequencespecific antimicrobials. Nat Biotechnol 32:1146–1150. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3043
Bolotin A, Quinquis B, Sorokin A, Ehrlich SD (2005) Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin. Microbiology 151(Pt
8):2551–2561. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28048-0
Borges AL, Davidson AR, Bondy-Denomy J (2017) The discovery, mechanisms, and evolutionary impact of anti-CRISPRs. Annu Rev Virol 4(1):37–59. https://doi.org/10.1146/
annurev-virology-101416-041616
Brouns SJ, Jore MM, Lundgren M, Westra ER, Slijkhuis RJ, Snijders AP, Dickman MJ, Makarova
KS, Koonin EV, van der Oost J (2008) Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159689
Caniça M, Manageiro V, Abriouel H, Moran-Gilad J, CMAP F (2019) Antibiotic resistance in food
borne bacteria. Trends Food Sci Technol 84:41–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.08.001
Carte J, Wang R, Li H, Terns RM, Terns MP (2008) Cas6 is an endoribonuclease that generates
guide RNAs for invader defense in prokaryotes. Genes Dev 22(24):3489–3496. https://doi.
org/10.1101/gad.1742908
Carter SR, Friedman RM (2016) Policy and regulatory issues for gene drives in insects: workshop
report. J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, pp 1–21
Chylinski K, Deltcheva E, Sharma CM, Gonzales K, Chao Y, Pirzada ZA et al (2011) CRISPR
RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III. Nature 471:602–607.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09886
Citorik RJ, Mimee M, Lu TK (2014) Sequence-specific antimicrobials using efficiently delivered
RNA-guided nucleases. Nat Biotechnol 32:1141. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3011
Cong L, Ran FA, Cox D, Lin S, Barretto R, Habib N, Hsu PD, Wu X, Jiang W, Marraffini LA
(2013) Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems. Science 339:819–823.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231143
Cradick TJ, Fine EJ, Antico CJ, Bao G (2013) CRISPR/Cas9 systems targeting β-globin and CCR5
genes have substantial off-target activity. Nucleic acids research. 2013:gkt714. https://doi.
org/10.1093/nar/gkt714
Czaplewski L, Bax R, Clokie M, Dawson M, Fairhead H, Fischetti VA et al (2016) Alternatives to
antibiotics-a pipeline portfolio review. Lancet Infect Dis 16:239–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1473-3099(15)00466-1
Datsenko KA, Pougach K, Tikhonov A, Wanner BL, Severinov K, Semenova E (2012) Molecular
memory of prior infections activates the CRISPR/Cas adaptive bacterial immunity system. Nat
Commun 3:945. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1937
Deltcheva E, Chylinski K, Sharma CM, Gonzales K, Chao Y, Pirzada ZA et al (2011) CRISPR RNA
maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III. Nature 471(7340):602–607.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09886
Deng H, Huang W, Zhang Z (2019) Nanotechnology based CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery
for genome editing: progress and prospect. Nano Res 12:2437. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s12274-019-2465-x
Deveau H, Barrangou R, Garneau JE, Labonte J, Fremaux C, Boyaval P et al (2008) Phage response
to CRISPR-encoded resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus. J Bacteriol. 190(4):1390–1400.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01412-07
Deveau H, Garneau JE, Annu MS (2010) CRISPR/Cas system and its role in phage-bacteria interactions. Rev Microbiol 64:475–493. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134123
Diep BA, Gill SR, Chang RF, Phan TH, Chen JH, Davidson MG, Lin Fet al. (2006) Complete
genome sequence of USA300, an epidemic clone of community-acquired meticillinA. P. Sarma et al.