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Kurz, K. (2014). The ABC-Modell Anchor customers as core
clients for mini-grids in emerging economies.
Lane, J., Hudson, W., Gous, A., & Kuteesa, R. (2018). MiniGrid Market Opportunity Assessment: Uganda.
Marnay, C., Asano, H., Papathanassiou, S., & Strbac,
G. (2008). Policymaking for Microgrids: Economic
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MEMD. (2015a). Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program
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MEMD. (2015b). Uganda’s Sustainable Energy For All
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MEMD. (2019). Draft National Energy Policy.
Mohapatra, D., Jaeger, J., & Wiemann, M. (2019). Private
Sector Driven Business Models for Clean Energy MiniGrids: Lessons learnt from South and South-East-Asia.
Mugagga, R. G., & Chamdimba, H. N. B. (2019). A Comprehensive Review on Status of Solar PV Growth in Uganda.
Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, 3(4), 1–14.
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Narayan, N., Vega-garita, V., Qin, Z., Popovic-gerber, J.,
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NPA. (2015). National Development Plan II, 2015/16 –
2019/20.
Nygaard, I., Bhamidipati, P. L., Andersen, A. E., Larsen, T. H.,
Cronin, T., & Davis, N. (2018). Market for the integration
of smaller wind turbines in mini- grids in Uganda.
Opiyo, N. N. (2019). A comparison of DC- versus ACbased minigrids for cost-effective electrification of rural
developing communities. Energy Reports, 5, 398–408.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.04.001
Owen, M., & Ripken, R. (2017). Bioenergy for Sustainable
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Parhizi, S., Lotfi, H., Khodaei, A., & Bahramirad, S. (2015).
State of the Art in Research on Microgrids: A Review.
IEEE Access, 3, 890–925. https://doi.org/10.1109/
ACCESS.2015.2443119
Romankiewicz, J., Marnay, C., Zhou, N., & Qu, M. (2014).
Lessons from international experience for China’s microgrid demonstration program. Energy Policy, 67, 198–208.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.059
Schnitzer, D., Lounsbury, D. S., Carvallo, J. P., Deshmukh, R.,
Apt, J., & Kammen, D. M. (2014). Microgrids for Rural
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Market Report 2020.
Shrestha, P., Shrestha, A., Shrestha, N., Papadakis, A.,
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of Mini – Grid Initiative: Case Study of Mini –
Grid in Rural Nepal. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-020-00190-x
Twaha, S., Ramli, M. A. M., Murphy, P. M., Mukhtiar, M. U.,
& Nsamba, H. K. (2016). Renewable based distributed
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UOMA. (2019). Market Map of off-grid energy in Uganda.
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A review of institutions’ roles for development of
microgrids. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
121(109690), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.
109690
Weston, P., Verma, S., Onyango, L., Bharadwaj, A., Peterschmidt, N., & Rohrer, M. (2016). Green Mini-Grids in
Sub-Saharan Africa:
Williams, N. J., Jaramillo, P., Taneja, J., & Selim, T. (2015).
Enabling private sector investment in microgrid-based
rural electrification in developing countries: A review.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 1268–
1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.153
Zubi, G., Dufo-lópez, R., Pasaoglu, G., & Pardo, N. (2016).
Techno-economic assessment of an off-grid PV system
for developing regions to provide electricity for basic
domestic needs: A 2020 – 2040 scenario. Applied Energy,
176, 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.
05.022
255
energy development in Kenya: Opportunities and
challenges. Renewable Energy Focus, 29, 123–140.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2019.03.007
IEA IRENA UNSD WB WHO. (2019). Tracking SDG 7: The
Energy Progress Report. https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/
IRENA. (2019). Future of Solar Photovoltaic: Deployment, investment, technology, grid integration and socioeconomic aspects (A Global Energy Transformation:
paper).
KHPL. (2014). Kisiizi Elecricity – Annual Report 2014.
KHPL. (2018). Power Company. Kisiizi Hospital. http://
www.kisiizihospital.org.ug/?page_id=89
Kirubi, C., Jacobson, A., Kammen, D. M., & Mills,
A. (2009). Community-Based Electric Micro-Grids
Can Contribute to Rural Development: Evidence
from Kenya. World Development, 37(7), 1208–1221.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.11.005
Kurz, K. (2014). The ABC-Modell Anchor customers as core
clients for mini-grids in emerging economies.
Lane, J., Hudson, W., Gous, A., & Kuteesa, R. (2018). MiniGrid Market Opportunity Assessment: Uganda.
Marnay, C., Asano, H., Papathanassiou, S., & Strbac,
G. (2008). Policymaking for Microgrids: Economic
and Regulatory Issuues of Microgrid Implementation.
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, 66–77. https://doi.org/
10.1109/MPE.2008.918715
MEMD. (2002). The Energy Policy for Uganda.
MEMD. (2013). Rural Electrification Strategy and Plan
2013–2022.
MEMD. (2015a). Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program
Investment Plan.
MEMD. (2015b). Uganda’s Sustainable Energy For All
(SE4All) Initiative Action Agenda.
MEMD. (2019). Draft National Energy Policy.
Mohapatra, D., Jaeger, J., & Wiemann, M. (2019). Private
Sector Driven Business Models for Clean Energy MiniGrids: Lessons learnt from South and South-East-Asia.
Mugagga, R. G., & Chamdimba, H. N. B. (2019). A Comprehensive Review on Status of Solar PV Growth in Uganda.
Journal of Energy Research and Reviews, 3(4), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.9734/JENRR/2019/v3i430113
MWE. (2015). Uganda’s Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions.
Narayan, N., Vega-garita, V., Qin, Z., Popovic-gerber, J.,
Bauer, P., & Zeman, M. (2020). The Long Road to
Universal Electrification: A Critical Look at Present
Pathways and Challenges. Energies, 13(508), 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030508
NPA. (2015). National Development Plan II, 2015/16 –
2019/20.
Nygaard, I., Bhamidipati, P. L., Andersen, A. E., Larsen, T. H.,
Cronin, T., & Davis, N. (2018). Market for the integration
of smaller wind turbines in mini- grids in Uganda.
Opiyo, N. N. (2019). A comparison of DC- versus ACbased minigrids for cost-effective electrification of rural
developing communities. Energy Reports, 5, 398–408.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.04.001
Owen, M., & Ripken, R. (2017). Bioenergy for Sustainable
Energy Access in Africa: Technology Country Case Study
Report.
Parhizi, S., Lotfi, H., Khodaei, A., & Bahramirad, S. (2015).
State of the Art in Research on Microgrids: A Review.
IEEE Access, 3, 890–925. https://doi.org/10.1109/
ACCESS.2015.2443119
Romankiewicz, J., Marnay, C., Zhou, N., & Qu, M. (2014).
Lessons from international experience for China’s microgrid demonstration program. Energy Policy, 67, 198–208.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.059
Schnitzer, D., Lounsbury, D. S., Carvallo, J. P., Deshmukh, R.,
Apt, J., & Kammen, D. M. (2014). Microgrids for Rural
Electrification: A critical review of best practices based
on seven case studies.
SEforALL BNEF. (2020). State of the Global Mini-Grids
Market Report 2020.
Shrestha, P., Shrestha, A., Shrestha, N., Papadakis, A.,
& Maskey, K. (2020). Assessment on Scaling – Up
of Mini – Grid Initiative: Case Study of Mini –
Grid in Rural Nepal. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-020-00190-x
Twaha, S., Ramli, M. A. M., Murphy, P. M., Mukhtiar, M. U.,
& Nsamba, H. K. (2016). Renewable based distributed
generation in Uganda: Resource potential and status of
exploitation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
57, 786–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.151
UBOS MEMD. (2014). Uganda rural-urban electrification
survey.
UOMA. (2019). Market Map of off-grid energy in Uganda.
Warneryd, M., Håkansson, M., & Karltorp, K. (2020).
Unpacking the complexity of community microgrids:
A review of institutions’ roles for development of
microgrids. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
121(109690), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.
109690
Weston, P., Verma, S., Onyango, L., Bharadwaj, A., Peterschmidt, N., & Rohrer, M. (2016). Green Mini-Grids in
Sub-Saharan Africa:
Williams, N. J., Jaramillo, P., Taneja, J., & Selim, T. (2015).
Enabling private sector investment in microgrid-based
rural electrification in developing countries: A review.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 1268–
1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.153
Zubi, G., Dufo-lópez, R., Pasaoglu, G., & Pardo, N. (2016).
Techno-economic assessment of an off-grid PV system
for developing regions to provide electricity for basic
domestic needs: A 2020 – 2040 scenario. Applied Energy,
176, 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.
05.022
255