Table 4. Preparation of calibration curve of garlic acid.
Sample
Weight of
GAE
TPC
solution
dry extract
Concentration
as GAE
Mean
µg/mL
in gram
Absorbance
(mg/mL)
C = DF
c × V
m
SEM
1000
0.001
0.492
1.7297
34.5938
34.48 ± 0.09
1000
0.001
0.489
1.7191
34.382
1000
0.001
0.490
1.7226
34.452
Table 5. Calculation procedure for total phenolic.
Sample
Weight of
QE
TFC
solution
dry extract
Concentration
as QE
Mean
µg/mL
in gram
Absorbance
(mg/mL)
C = DF
c × V
m
SEM
3000
0.001
0.038
0.3117
46.755
48.33 ± 1.48
3000
0.001
0.041
0.3354
50.31
3000
0.001
0.039
0.3196
47.94
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are thankful toAfrica Centre of Excellence
in Phytochemicals, Textile, and Renewable Energy
(ACE II-PTRE) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Alemayehu, G., Abegaz, B., Snatzke, G., & Duddeck, H.
(1989). Quinones of Senna didymobotrya a. Bulletin of
the Chemical Society of Ethopia, 3(1).
Alemayehu, I., Tadesse, S., Mammo, F., Kibret, B., & Endale,
M. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of the roots of Senna
didymobotrya. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research,
9(34).
Anpin Raja, R.D., Jeeva S., Prakash, J.W., Johnson, M. &
Irudayaraj, V. (2011). Antibacterial activity of selected
ethnomedicinal plants from South India. Asian Pac J Trop
Med; 4: 375–378.
Brachet, A., Rudaz, S., Mateus, L., Christen, P., &Veuthey, J.
(2001). Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of
cocaine and benzoylecgonine from coca leaves. Journal
of Separation Sciences, 24; 865–873.
Chawla, R., Thakur P., Chowdhry A., Jaiswal S., Sharma A.,
Goel R., Sharma J., Priyadarshi S.S., Kumar V., Sharma R.
K., & Arora R. (2013). Evidence based herbal drug standardization approach in coping with challenges of holistic
management of diabetes: A dreadful lifestyle disorder of
21st century. Journal of Diabetes and metabolic disorders,
12, 33–35.
Fakhari, A. R., Nojavan, S., Ebrahimi, S. N., &Evenhuis, C.
J. (2010). Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure for the analysis of opium alkaloids in papaver plants
by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Separation Science, 33, 2153–2159.
Gakuubi, M. M. & Wanzala, W. (2012).A survey of plants and
plant products traditionally used in livestock health management in Buuri district, Meru County, Kenya. Journal
of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 8(39).
Ganga, R. B, Rao, V. Y,& Pavani, V. S. P (2012). Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening and invitro
antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Elephantopus
Scarber Linn. Recent Research in Science and Technology. Vol. 4 (4). pp 15–20.
Jeruto, P.,Arama, P. F.,Anyango, B., &Maroa, G. (2017). Phytochemical screening and antibacterial investigations of
crude methanol extracts of Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.)
H. S. Irwin & Barneby. Journal of Applied Biosciences.
114: 11357–11367.
Jeruto, P., Lukhoba, C., Ouma G., Mutai C., & Otieno D.,
(2008). An Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
Johari, M. A., & Khong, H. Y. (2019). Total Phenolic
Content and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of
Pereskia bleo. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences,
7428593.
Kigondu, E. V. M., Rukunga, G. M., Keriko, J. M., Tonui, W.
K. & Gathirwa, J. W. (2009). Anti – parasitic activity and
cytotocity of selected medicinal plants from Kenya. J. of
Ethnopharm, 123: 504–509.
Kohls, S., Scholz-Botttcher, B. M., Teske, J., & Rullkotter, J.
(2015). Isolation and quantification of six cardiac glycosides from the seeds of Thevetia peruviana provide a basis
for toxicological survey. Indian Journal of Chemistry,
54B, 1502–1510.
Korir, R.K., Mutai, C., Kiiyukia, C. & C. Bii, C. (2012).
Antimicrobial Activity and Safety of two Medicinal Plants Traditionally used in Bomet District of
Kenya. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants; 6:
370–382.
Kusari, S. (2009). An endophytic fungus from Camtotheca
acuminate that produces campothecin and analogues.
Journal of Natural Products, 72(1); 2–7.
Mahadevan, N., Upendra, B., Subburaju, T., Elango, K., &
Suresh, B. (2002). Purgative and anti-inflamatory activities of Cassia didymobotrya, fresen. Ancient Science of
Life, 22(1), 9.
Mining J., Lagat Z. O., Akenga T., Tarus P., Imbuga
M., & Tsamo M. K. (2014). Bioactive metabolites
of Senna didymobotrya used as biopesticide against
Acanthoscelides obtectus in Bungoma, Kenya. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4(9), 56–60.
doi:10.7324/JAPS.2014.40910
155
Sample
Weight of
GAE
TPC
solution
dry extract
Concentration
as GAE
Mean
µg/mL
in gram
Absorbance
(mg/mL)
C = DF
c × V
m
SEM
1000
0.001
0.492
1.7297
34.5938
34.48 ± 0.09
1000
0.001
0.489
1.7191
34.382
1000
0.001
0.490
1.7226
34.452
Table 5. Calculation procedure for total phenolic.
Sample
Weight of
QE
TFC
solution
dry extract
Concentration
as QE
Mean
µg/mL
in gram
Absorbance
(mg/mL)
C = DF
c × V
m
SEM
3000
0.001
0.038
0.3117
46.755
48.33 ± 1.48
3000
0.001
0.041
0.3354
50.31
3000
0.001
0.039
0.3196
47.94
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are thankful toAfrica Centre of Excellence
in Phytochemicals, Textile, and Renewable Energy
(ACE II-PTRE) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Alemayehu, G., Abegaz, B., Snatzke, G., & Duddeck, H.
(1989). Quinones of Senna didymobotrya a. Bulletin of
the Chemical Society of Ethopia, 3(1).
Alemayehu, I., Tadesse, S., Mammo, F., Kibret, B., & Endale,
M. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of the roots of Senna
didymobotrya. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research,
9(34).
Anpin Raja, R.D., Jeeva S., Prakash, J.W., Johnson, M. &
Irudayaraj, V. (2011). Antibacterial activity of selected
ethnomedicinal plants from South India. Asian Pac J Trop
Med; 4: 375–378.
Brachet, A., Rudaz, S., Mateus, L., Christen, P., &Veuthey, J.
(2001). Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of
cocaine and benzoylecgonine from coca leaves. Journal
of Separation Sciences, 24; 865–873.
Chawla, R., Thakur P., Chowdhry A., Jaiswal S., Sharma A.,
Goel R., Sharma J., Priyadarshi S.S., Kumar V., Sharma R.
K., & Arora R. (2013). Evidence based herbal drug standardization approach in coping with challenges of holistic
management of diabetes: A dreadful lifestyle disorder of
21st century. Journal of Diabetes and metabolic disorders,
12, 33–35.
Fakhari, A. R., Nojavan, S., Ebrahimi, S. N., &Evenhuis, C.
J. (2010). Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure for the analysis of opium alkaloids in papaver plants
by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Separation Science, 33, 2153–2159.
Gakuubi, M. M. & Wanzala, W. (2012).A survey of plants and
plant products traditionally used in livestock health management in Buuri district, Meru County, Kenya. Journal
of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 8(39).
Ganga, R. B, Rao, V. Y,& Pavani, V. S. P (2012). Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening and invitro
antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Elephantopus
Scarber Linn. Recent Research in Science and Technology. Vol. 4 (4). pp 15–20.
Jeruto, P.,Arama, P. F.,Anyango, B., &Maroa, G. (2017). Phytochemical screening and antibacterial investigations of
crude methanol extracts of Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.)
H. S. Irwin & Barneby. Journal of Applied Biosciences.
114: 11357–11367.
Jeruto, P., Lukhoba, C., Ouma G., Mutai C., & Otieno D.,
(2008). An Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
Johari, M. A., & Khong, H. Y. (2019). Total Phenolic
Content and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of
Pereskia bleo. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences,
7428593.
Kigondu, E. V. M., Rukunga, G. M., Keriko, J. M., Tonui, W.
K. & Gathirwa, J. W. (2009). Anti – parasitic activity and
cytotocity of selected medicinal plants from Kenya. J. of
Ethnopharm, 123: 504–509.
Kohls, S., Scholz-Botttcher, B. M., Teske, J., & Rullkotter, J.
(2015). Isolation and quantification of six cardiac glycosides from the seeds of Thevetia peruviana provide a basis
for toxicological survey. Indian Journal of Chemistry,
54B, 1502–1510.
Korir, R.K., Mutai, C., Kiiyukia, C. & C. Bii, C. (2012).
Antimicrobial Activity and Safety of two Medicinal Plants Traditionally used in Bomet District of
Kenya. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants; 6:
370–382.
Kusari, S. (2009). An endophytic fungus from Camtotheca
acuminate that produces campothecin and analogues.
Journal of Natural Products, 72(1); 2–7.
Mahadevan, N., Upendra, B., Subburaju, T., Elango, K., &
Suresh, B. (2002). Purgative and anti-inflamatory activities of Cassia didymobotrya, fresen. Ancient Science of
Life, 22(1), 9.
Mining J., Lagat Z. O., Akenga T., Tarus P., Imbuga
M., & Tsamo M. K. (2014). Bioactive metabolites
of Senna didymobotrya used as biopesticide against
Acanthoscelides obtectus in Bungoma, Kenya. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4(9), 56–60.
doi:10.7324/JAPS.2014.40910
155