4 CONCLUSION
A solar collector system was fabricated, consisting of
seven solar evacuated tubes whose absorbing area was
2.21 m
2 for each tube, a frame to hold the tubes in position made of wood, and a blower with an average speed
of 2.4 m/s. The system could heat the air from a temperature of 21.7 to 26.8
◦ C, decrease relative humidity
from 64.7% to 50.8% at 1,000 hrs and raise temperature from 26.8 to 56.3
◦ C, drop relative humidity from
45.3% to 42.1% at 1245 hrs. The found temperature is
within the optimum range of heat needed to dry maize
grain, i.e., 30–60
◦ C (Vidya, 2013). This system will
encourage the early harvest of maize and the reduction of growth of fungi, such as mycotoxins, which are
harmful when consumed by humans and animals.
REFERENCES
Ahmet., D. U. (2013). Modeling of a Hot Air Drying
Process by Using Artificial Neutral Network Method .
Termothehnica, 51–57.
Ajay, C. S. (2009). Design of solar dryer with Turboventilatir
and fireplace. Deopur, India: suman foundation.
Akinola, A. a. (2006). Exergetic nalysis of a Mixed-Mode
Solar Dryer. J. Engin. Appl. Sci 1, 205–210.
Akpinar, E. K. (2010). Energy and exergy analysis of a new
flat-plate solar air heater having different obstacles on
absorber plates. Applied Energy, 3438–3450.
Alghoul, M. S. (2005). Review of material for solar thermal
collectors. Physics Department, University Putra , 199–
206.
Amyot, J. (1983). Social and Economic Aspects of Dryer Use
for Paddy and Other Agricultural Produce in Thailand.
Chulalongkorn University Social Research Institute and
International Development Research Center.
Bala., B. (2002). Solar drying of pineapples using solar tunnel
drier.
Cengel, Y. (2000). Heat and Mass Tranfer an Engneering
Approach. McGraw-Hill.
Folaranmi, J. (2008). Design, Construction and testing of
a siple Maize Dryer. Leornado Electronic Journal Of
Practices and technology, 122–130.
Hussein, H. B. (2001). Toxicity, metabolism, and impact
of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Toxicology 167,
101–134.
John, J. (2017, June 14). University of Georgia Extension. Retrieved from University of Georgia Extension:
http://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=
B873&title=Grain%20and%20Soybean%20Drying%20
on%20Georgia%20Farms
Joshua, F. (2008). Design, construction and testing of simple
maize dryer. Federal University of Technology, Leonardo
Electronic Journal of Practices, 122–130.
Kalogirou., S. a. (2004). Solar thermal collectors and applications. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,
231–295.
Kasiviswanathan., M. S. (2016). Grain Drying Systems.
research gate.
Korir, K. B. (2012). Mycological Quality of maize flour from
Aflatoxin “Hot” Zone Eastern Province-Kenta. African
journal of healt science, 143–146.
Lanyasunya, T. W. (2005). The risk of mycotoxins contamination of dairy feed and milk on smallholder dairy farms
in Kenya. Pak. J. Nutr. 4, 162–169.
Mohanraj, M. (2008). Drying of Copra in a forced convection
solar drier.
Mujumdar., A. S. (2000). Fluidized bed drying. In &. S. S.
Mujumdar, Developments in drying. Vol 1: food dehydration (pp. 59–111). Bankngkok: kasetsart university
press.
Norton, B. (2006). Anatomy of a solar collector: Developments in materials, components and efficiency improvements in solar thermal collector systems. Refocus, 32–5.
Rachaputi, N. W. (2002). Management practices to minimise pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in Australian
groundnuts. Austr. J. Exp. Agric. 42, 595–605.
Radhika, G. B. (2011). Mathematical Model on Thin Layer
of Drying of Finger Millet (Eluesine coracana). Adnvance
Journal of Food Science Technology, 127–131.
Senadeera., W. I. (2007). Performance Evaluation of an
affordable solar dryer for drying of crops.
Wagacha, J. M. (2008). Mycotoxin problem in Africa: current
status, implications to food safety and health and possible
management strategies. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 124, 1–12.
Wang,Y. X. (2005). Drying characteristics and drying quality
of carrot using a two-stage microwave process. Journal of
Food Engineering, 505–511.
Weawsak, J. C. (2006). a mathematical modeling study of
hot air drying for some agricultural products. Trmmasat
international journal of science and Techonology, 11(1),
14–20.
Zulovich, J. (2013). Active solar collectors for farm.
Retrieved from http://muextension.missouri.edu/
107
A solar collector system was fabricated, consisting of
seven solar evacuated tubes whose absorbing area was
2.21 m
2 for each tube, a frame to hold the tubes in position made of wood, and a blower with an average speed
of 2.4 m/s. The system could heat the air from a temperature of 21.7 to 26.8
◦ C, decrease relative humidity
from 64.7% to 50.8% at 1,000 hrs and raise temperature from 26.8 to 56.3
◦ C, drop relative humidity from
45.3% to 42.1% at 1245 hrs. The found temperature is
within the optimum range of heat needed to dry maize
grain, i.e., 30–60
◦ C (Vidya, 2013). This system will
encourage the early harvest of maize and the reduction of growth of fungi, such as mycotoxins, which are
harmful when consumed by humans and animals.
REFERENCES
Ahmet., D. U. (2013). Modeling of a Hot Air Drying
Process by Using Artificial Neutral Network Method .
Termothehnica, 51–57.
Ajay, C. S. (2009). Design of solar dryer with Turboventilatir
and fireplace. Deopur, India: suman foundation.
Akinola, A. a. (2006). Exergetic nalysis of a Mixed-Mode
Solar Dryer. J. Engin. Appl. Sci 1, 205–210.
Akpinar, E. K. (2010). Energy and exergy analysis of a new
flat-plate solar air heater having different obstacles on
absorber plates. Applied Energy, 3438–3450.
Alghoul, M. S. (2005). Review of material for solar thermal
collectors. Physics Department, University Putra , 199–
206.
Amyot, J. (1983). Social and Economic Aspects of Dryer Use
for Paddy and Other Agricultural Produce in Thailand.
Chulalongkorn University Social Research Institute and
International Development Research Center.
Bala., B. (2002). Solar drying of pineapples using solar tunnel
drier.
Cengel, Y. (2000). Heat and Mass Tranfer an Engneering
Approach. McGraw-Hill.
Folaranmi, J. (2008). Design, Construction and testing of
a siple Maize Dryer. Leornado Electronic Journal Of
Practices and technology, 122–130.
Hussein, H. B. (2001). Toxicity, metabolism, and impact
of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Toxicology 167,
101–134.
John, J. (2017, June 14). University of Georgia Extension. Retrieved from University of Georgia Extension:
http://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=
B873&title=Grain%20and%20Soybean%20Drying%20
on%20Georgia%20Farms
Joshua, F. (2008). Design, construction and testing of simple
maize dryer. Federal University of Technology, Leonardo
Electronic Journal of Practices, 122–130.
Kalogirou., S. a. (2004). Solar thermal collectors and applications. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,
231–295.
Kasiviswanathan., M. S. (2016). Grain Drying Systems.
research gate.
Korir, K. B. (2012). Mycological Quality of maize flour from
Aflatoxin “Hot” Zone Eastern Province-Kenta. African
journal of healt science, 143–146.
Lanyasunya, T. W. (2005). The risk of mycotoxins contamination of dairy feed and milk on smallholder dairy farms
in Kenya. Pak. J. Nutr. 4, 162–169.
Mohanraj, M. (2008). Drying of Copra in a forced convection
solar drier.
Mujumdar., A. S. (2000). Fluidized bed drying. In &. S. S.
Mujumdar, Developments in drying. Vol 1: food dehydration (pp. 59–111). Bankngkok: kasetsart university
press.
Norton, B. (2006). Anatomy of a solar collector: Developments in materials, components and efficiency improvements in solar thermal collector systems. Refocus, 32–5.
Rachaputi, N. W. (2002). Management practices to minimise pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in Australian
groundnuts. Austr. J. Exp. Agric. 42, 595–605.
Radhika, G. B. (2011). Mathematical Model on Thin Layer
of Drying of Finger Millet (Eluesine coracana). Adnvance
Journal of Food Science Technology, 127–131.
Senadeera., W. I. (2007). Performance Evaluation of an
affordable solar dryer for drying of crops.
Wagacha, J. M. (2008). Mycotoxin problem in Africa: current
status, implications to food safety and health and possible
management strategies. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 124, 1–12.
Wang,Y. X. (2005). Drying characteristics and drying quality
of carrot using a two-stage microwave process. Journal of
Food Engineering, 505–511.
Weawsak, J. C. (2006). a mathematical modeling study of
hot air drying for some agricultural products. Trmmasat
international journal of science and Techonology, 11(1),
14–20.
Zulovich, J. (2013). Active solar collectors for farm.
Retrieved from http://muextension.missouri.edu/
107