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Historical and Current Uses of Pesticides
• When used as a component of integrated pest management (IPM)
programs, biopesticides can greatly reduce the use of conventional
pesticides, while crop yields remain high (US EPA).
2.4.1 Spinosad
Spinosad is a biologically derived insecticide and a leading biopesticide. It is
produced by the fermentation culture of Saccharopolyspora spinosa, which is a
soil organism. Spinosad is a mixture of two macrocyclic lactones in a tetracyclic ring (Figure 2.12, Table 2.1). Each component is an unsaturated tetracyclic ester with two sugar derivatives, forosamine and rhamnose. Spinosad
FIGURE 2.12
Spinosyn major and minor molecular structures. (Credit to LHchem, CC BY-SA 4.0.)
Historical and Current Uses of Pesticides
• When used as a component of integrated pest management (IPM)
programs, biopesticides can greatly reduce the use of conventional
pesticides, while crop yields remain high (US EPA).
2.4.1 Spinosad
Spinosad is a biologically derived insecticide and a leading biopesticide. It is
produced by the fermentation culture of Saccharopolyspora spinosa, which is a
soil organism. Spinosad is a mixture of two macrocyclic lactones in a tetracyclic ring (Figure 2.12, Table 2.1). Each component is an unsaturated tetracyclic ester with two sugar derivatives, forosamine and rhamnose. Spinosad
FIGURE 2.12
Spinosyn major and minor molecular structures. (Credit to LHchem, CC BY-SA 4.0.)