165
Trifuoroacetic Acid from CFC Replacements
TABLE 9.5
Concentrations of TFA (ng/L) in Precipitation in Populated Regions
Location
Media
Year Concentrations (ng/L) Ref.
Canada (Ontario, urban) Precipitation 2004 87–270
Scott et al. (2006)
Canada (Ontario, remote) Precipitation 1997 48 (range 4–120)
Scott et al. (2000);
1999 94 (range 12–350)
Scott et al. (2006);
2002 8–220
Scott et al. (2005)
Canada (Chapias, rural)
Precipitation 1997 24 (range <0.1–69)
Scott et al. (2000);
1999 34 (range <0.5–54)
Scott et al. (2006);
2001 140
Scott et al. (2005)
Chile (urban)
Precipitation 1999 14 (range 6–85)
Scott et al. (2005)
Chile (rural)
Precipitation 1999 12 (range 5–12)
Scott et al. (2005)
China (Guangdong
Precipitation 2008 225 (range 45.8–974)
Wang et al. (2014)
province)
China (Beijing)
Precipitation 2001 25–220
Zhang et al. (2005)
China (Beijing) a
Precipitation 2012 282 ± 68
Zhai et al. (2015)
China (multiple
Precipitation 2018 150 (range 8.8–1,800)
Chen et al. (2019)
provinces)
Germany
Precipitation 1999 100 median (20–930)
Rompp et al. (2001)
230 median (20–420)
Germany (Bavaria)
Fogwater
1999 230 (range 20–1,900)
Rompp et al. (2001)
Ireland (Mace Head)
Precipitation 1996 2–92
Von Sydow et al.
(2000)
Japan (Tsukuba and
Precipitation 2007 39.3–75.9
Taniyasu et al.
Kawaguchi)
(2008)
Malawi (Senga Bay)
Precipitation 1999 8.8 (range 4–15)
Scott et al. (2005)
Poland (Gdansk)
Precipitation 1996 26–1100
Von Sydow et al.
(2000)
Russia (near Lake Baikal) Precipitation 1996 30–215
Berg et al. (2000)
Switzerland
Precipitation 1997 151 (range <3–1,550)
Berg et al. (2000)
USA (California and
Precipitation 1994 31–90
Zehavi and Seiber
Nevada)
(1996)
USA (California)
Fogwater
1994 > 208; >280 and 279
Zehavi and Seiber
(1996)
USA (California, urban)
Precipitation 1999 27–302
Cahill et al. (2001)
USA (California and
Precipitation 1997 46.6 and 63.9 and
Wujcik et al. (1999)
Nevada)
136 (means)
USA (California)
Fogwater
1997 689 and 723 (means)
Wujcik et al. (1999)
USA (New York, rural)
Precipitation 1999 3–360
Scott et al. (2006)
USA (Maryland, near
Precipitation 1999 21–620
Scott et al. (2006)
urban)
USA (Delaware, near
Precipitation 1999 10–2,400
Scott et al. (2006)
urban)
USA (Vermont, rural)
Precipitation 1999 8–250
Scott et al. (2006)
Vietnam (Hanoi)
Precipitation 1996 4–150
Berg et al. (2000)
Values in bold denote a reported mean value.