160
TABLE 9.2 (Continued)
Summary of Toxic Effects of TFA on Organisms
No Observed Effects
50% Effect
Species
Type of Organism
(NOEL or NOEC)
(TD
50 or EC
50 )
Reference
Terrestrial Plants
Deschampsia elongata
Terrestrial plant
> 1 mg/L b
Benesch et al. (2002)
Lasthenia californica
Terrestrial plant
> 1 mg/L b
Benesch et al. (2002)
Oryza sativa
(rice)
Terrestrial plant
> 1 mg/L b
Benesch et al. (2002)
Pinus ponderosa
Terrestrial plant
>10 mg/L c
Benesch and Gustin (2002)
Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean)
Terrestrial plant
> 2.5mg/L; LOEL= 10 mg/L b,d
Smit et al. (2009)
Vigna radiata
(mung bean)
Terrestrial plant
1 mg/kg of soil b
Boutonnet et al. (1999) e
Zea mays
(corn)
Terrestrial plant
> 2.5mg/L; LOEL= 10 mg/L b,d
Smit et al. (2009)
Triticum aestivum
(wheat)
Terrestrial plant
1–32 mg/L b
50 mg/L c
Boutonnet et al. (1999) e
Plantago major
Terrestrial plant
32 mg/L b
Boutonnet et al. (1999) e
Helianthus annuus
(sunfower)
Terrestrial plant
< 1 mg/kg soil b
Boutonnet et al. (1999) e
100 mg/L c
Glycine max
(soybean)
Terrestrial plant
1 mg/L b
Boutonnet et al. (1999) e
10 mg/L c
Average NOEC for terrestrial plants
7.2 mg/L b,f
a
Test was a mixture of TFA and TCA that showed no long-term effects. There were transitory effects in the frst few days.
b
Root uptake route of exposure.
Foliar uptake route of exposure.
d
Based on biomass production. However, other indices of plant performance showed effects as low as 0.625 mg/L.
e
Data summarized in Boutonnet et al. (1999) from gray literature reports.
f
The average NOEL calculations used the minimum possible values such that treated values reported as “>1” as 1.
Pesticides, Organic Contaminants, and Pathogens in Air
c