99
Sampling and Analysis
Pesticides are typically in “trace” amounts in the air. Inadequately designed
studies may result in “not detected” or “less than” values. For viruses and
other biologics, a surrogate material of similar size and other characteristics
may be needed to evaluate trapping and extraction effciency—lentovirus
has been suggested as a nontoxic surrogate for COVID-19.
6.5 Further Reading
More detailed information on analyzing pesticides and related toxicants in
air is in the excellent review by Woodrow et al. (2003). An older review is by
Lewis and Lee (1976).
References
Aston, L., and Seiber, J. (1996). Exchange of airborne organophosphorus pesticides
with pine needles. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B 31, 671–698.
Baker, L.W., Fitzell, D.L., Seiber, J.N., Parker, T.R., Shibamoto, T., Poore, M.W., Longley,
K.E., Tomlin, R.P., Propper, R., and Duncan, D.W. (1996). Ambient air concentrations of pesticides in California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 1365–1368.
Coscollà, C., Yusà, V., Beser, M.I., and Pastor, A. (2009). Multi-residue analysis of 30
currently used pesticides in fne airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5) by microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1216, 8817–8827.
Hendricks, W. (1989). Acrolein and/or Formaldehyde Method 52. Occupational
Safety & Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/
organic/org052/org052.html (Accessed June 4, 2021).
Hengel, M., and Lee, P. (2014). Community air monitoring for pesticides—part 2:
multiresidue determination of pesticides in air by gas chromatography, gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Environ. Monit. Assess. 186, 1343–1353.
Hsieh, D.P.H., Seiber, J.N., and Fisher, G.L. (1981). Final Report Agreement Number:
AB-O93-31 California Air Resources Board May 1981. Davis, CA: California Air
Resources Board.
Kosikowska, M., and Biziuk, M. (2010). Review of the determination of pesticide residues in ambient air. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 29, 1064–1072.
Kurtz, D.A. (1990). Long Range Transport of Pesticides. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, Inc.
Lewis, R.G., and Lee, R.E. (1976). Air Pollution from Pesticide and Agricultural Processes.
Cleveland, OH: CRC Press.
Majewski, M.S., Glotfelty, D.E., and U, K.T.P. (1990). A feld comparison of several
methods for measuring pesticide evaporation rates from soil. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 24, 1490–1497.
Sampling and Analysis
Pesticides are typically in “trace” amounts in the air. Inadequately designed
studies may result in “not detected” or “less than” values. For viruses and
other biologics, a surrogate material of similar size and other characteristics
may be needed to evaluate trapping and extraction effciency—lentovirus
has been suggested as a nontoxic surrogate for COVID-19.
6.5 Further Reading
More detailed information on analyzing pesticides and related toxicants in
air is in the excellent review by Woodrow et al. (2003). An older review is by
Lewis and Lee (1976).
References
Aston, L., and Seiber, J. (1996). Exchange of airborne organophosphorus pesticides
with pine needles. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B 31, 671–698.
Baker, L.W., Fitzell, D.L., Seiber, J.N., Parker, T.R., Shibamoto, T., Poore, M.W., Longley,
K.E., Tomlin, R.P., Propper, R., and Duncan, D.W. (1996). Ambient air concentrations of pesticides in California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30, 1365–1368.
Coscollà, C., Yusà, V., Beser, M.I., and Pastor, A. (2009). Multi-residue analysis of 30
currently used pesticides in fne airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5) by microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1216, 8817–8827.
Hendricks, W. (1989). Acrolein and/or Formaldehyde Method 52. Occupational
Safety & Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/
organic/org052/org052.html (Accessed June 4, 2021).
Hengel, M., and Lee, P. (2014). Community air monitoring for pesticides—part 2:
multiresidue determination of pesticides in air by gas chromatography, gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Environ. Monit. Assess. 186, 1343–1353.
Hsieh, D.P.H., Seiber, J.N., and Fisher, G.L. (1981). Final Report Agreement Number:
AB-O93-31 California Air Resources Board May 1981. Davis, CA: California Air
Resources Board.
Kosikowska, M., and Biziuk, M. (2010). Review of the determination of pesticide residues in ambient air. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 29, 1064–1072.
Kurtz, D.A. (1990). Long Range Transport of Pesticides. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, Inc.
Lewis, R.G., and Lee, R.E. (1976). Air Pollution from Pesticide and Agricultural Processes.
Cleveland, OH: CRC Press.
Majewski, M.S., Glotfelty, D.E., and U, K.T.P. (1990). A feld comparison of several
methods for measuring pesticide evaporation rates from soil. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 24, 1490–1497.