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Epigenetic Regulation of Protein Synthesis
TABLE 10.1
Evaluation Methods Used for Each of the Four Cases
Case
Evaluation Method
All cases (general) Counting (exhaustive or statistically signifcant sampling) of symptoms and mortality related to the
presence of a pathogen in the study population
Esca without
Comparison with historical data from the same plots
control
Esca with control
Comparison with data from a control group with the same characteristics and growing conditions
Mildew and Mosaic Predicting and verifying the presence of an effect gradient related to the duration of the broadcast and
viruses
the power of the sound (the acoustic scattering mode)
Erwinia
Prediction and verifcation of an effect related to the duration of exposure to sound sequences
development of the crop as well as the presence of the fungus or viruses at different distances from
the diffusion device.
Case 1a and b: Prevention and reduction of the effects of Esca on vines.
A count of vines showing symptoms of Esca was carried out each year over 1–6 years around the
harvest period on 91 plots of productive vineyards in France, covering a total of 260 ha, and compared with counts undertaken on the same plots during 1–3 years before the broadcast of sequences,
in order to accurately estimate the pressure linked to the presence of the pathogen on the plots as
well as the mortality associated with it. Mortality by vine apoplexy was the most reliable indicator
for assessing the impact of Esca on both production and the condition of the plot. This parameter
was therefore used as a reference for the comparison of the impact of Esca with and without the
use of the genodic process. Case study 1a groups the plots for which historical data on Esca-related
mortality could be retrieved from vine growers (chefs de culture des vignes) who are in the habit
of counting and replacing dead strains every year. With these data, a chronology of the mortality
rate before and after the implementation of the genodic process was carried out, in order to report
on the comparative evolution of each plot exposed to the acoustic sequences. The reference value of
the mortality rate used in Case 1b corresponds to the average of the mortality rates of the previous
years, before the genodic process was set up, as evaluated by the vine growers when replacing the
dead strains, a task that they carry out every 2 or 3 years. In both cases, an evaluation of Esca-related
mortality was carried out at the end of the frst year of application of the process, by the Genodics
team accompanied by the vine grower, and was repeated in subsequent years.
Case 1c: Prevention and reduction of the impact of Esca on the vine, with a control plot.
Study carried out at the Château Gaudrelle in Vouvray, from 2014 to 2019, on two plots about
500 m apart, planted in the same year (1986) with the same grape variety and in the same terroir. The counting of vines showing symptoms of Esca has been carried out every year since the
genodic process was implemented, and systematically validated with the vine grower, on the same
day for both plots (3,972 individual plant locations for the control plot and 6,050 locations for the
tested plot).
Case 2: Prevention and reduction of the impact of Mildew on a 7-ha vineyard.
At the Château Fayau in Cadillac, in 2016, a 7-ha vineyard received the usual anti-mildew fungicidal treatment applied by the vine grower. The diffuser was placed at one end of the vineyard,
and diffusions were perceptible up to 150 m from this spot. Eighty-fve plots comprising fve vines
each were selected, regularly spaced to cover the entire vineyard. At the beginning of July 2016,
the number of mildew blotches on grapes (visible mark of the disease) on each plot was recorded.
Case 3: Prevention and reduction of the impact of Erwinia on endives.
Study carried out at the market garden Delahaye in Touraine, during the growing season
2011–2012 from mid-October 2011 to the end of March 2012. This experiment was carried out
Epigenetic Regulation of Protein Synthesis
TABLE 10.1
Evaluation Methods Used for Each of the Four Cases
Case
Evaluation Method
All cases (general) Counting (exhaustive or statistically signifcant sampling) of symptoms and mortality related to the
presence of a pathogen in the study population
Esca without
Comparison with historical data from the same plots
control
Esca with control
Comparison with data from a control group with the same characteristics and growing conditions
Mildew and Mosaic Predicting and verifying the presence of an effect gradient related to the duration of the broadcast and
viruses
the power of the sound (the acoustic scattering mode)
Erwinia
Prediction and verifcation of an effect related to the duration of exposure to sound sequences
development of the crop as well as the presence of the fungus or viruses at different distances from
the diffusion device.
Case 1a and b: Prevention and reduction of the effects of Esca on vines.
A count of vines showing symptoms of Esca was carried out each year over 1–6 years around the
harvest period on 91 plots of productive vineyards in France, covering a total of 260 ha, and compared with counts undertaken on the same plots during 1–3 years before the broadcast of sequences,
in order to accurately estimate the pressure linked to the presence of the pathogen on the plots as
well as the mortality associated with it. Mortality by vine apoplexy was the most reliable indicator
for assessing the impact of Esca on both production and the condition of the plot. This parameter
was therefore used as a reference for the comparison of the impact of Esca with and without the
use of the genodic process. Case study 1a groups the plots for which historical data on Esca-related
mortality could be retrieved from vine growers (chefs de culture des vignes) who are in the habit
of counting and replacing dead strains every year. With these data, a chronology of the mortality
rate before and after the implementation of the genodic process was carried out, in order to report
on the comparative evolution of each plot exposed to the acoustic sequences. The reference value of
the mortality rate used in Case 1b corresponds to the average of the mortality rates of the previous
years, before the genodic process was set up, as evaluated by the vine growers when replacing the
dead strains, a task that they carry out every 2 or 3 years. In both cases, an evaluation of Esca-related
mortality was carried out at the end of the frst year of application of the process, by the Genodics
team accompanied by the vine grower, and was repeated in subsequent years.
Case 1c: Prevention and reduction of the impact of Esca on the vine, with a control plot.
Study carried out at the Château Gaudrelle in Vouvray, from 2014 to 2019, on two plots about
500 m apart, planted in the same year (1986) with the same grape variety and in the same terroir. The counting of vines showing symptoms of Esca has been carried out every year since the
genodic process was implemented, and systematically validated with the vine grower, on the same
day for both plots (3,972 individual plant locations for the control plot and 6,050 locations for the
tested plot).
Case 2: Prevention and reduction of the impact of Mildew on a 7-ha vineyard.
At the Château Fayau in Cadillac, in 2016, a 7-ha vineyard received the usual anti-mildew fungicidal treatment applied by the vine grower. The diffuser was placed at one end of the vineyard,
and diffusions were perceptible up to 150 m from this spot. Eighty-fve plots comprising fve vines
each were selected, regularly spaced to cover the entire vineyard. At the beginning of July 2016,
the number of mildew blotches on grapes (visible mark of the disease) on each plot was recorded.
Case 3: Prevention and reduction of the impact of Erwinia on endives.
Study carried out at the market garden Delahaye in Touraine, during the growing season
2011–2012 from mid-October 2011 to the end of March 2012. This experiment was carried out