112
Subtle Agroecologies
proteodies and corresponds to a specifc metabolism to regulate or to a plant disease to reduce. On
polycultures, the broadcast programmes are modifed more often than on monocultures, in order to
respond day after day to the needs of each type of plant, as observed by the farmer.
Genodics is also the name of a biotechnology company, created to develop applications for this
process and to provide market proof of the concept. To date, the company has established 280 treatment installations, spread over 2,500 ha of crops (vines, market gardening and arboriculture) and
180 farms. The company’s activities address many different agricultural issues.
THE FOUR PROJECT CASES
In this chapter, we present four projects conducted by Genodics, the results of which show a signifcant number of effects that hold potential for the expansion of the process and the development of
new applications. The projects are outlined below.
Case 1a, b and c: The prevention and reduction of the effects of Esca on vines between 2008
and 2019. Esca is a cryptogamic (spore-based), vascular wilt disease involving a large
number of anaerobic fungi, which develop inside the woody parts of the vine and can lead
to the sudden death of the vine stock by blocking the rise of sap (apoplexy). This project
was carried out throughout France following the ban on the use of sodium arsenite in 2002
(Ferrandiz et al., 2018; Bargoin et al., 2004).
Case 2: The prevention and reduction of the impact of Grape Powdery Mildew on a 7-ha vineyard. This mildew is caused by the fungus Plasmopara viticola. It affects the leaves and
berries and can substantially weaken the vigour of the vines, as well as the volume of the
harvest and the quality of the wine.
Case 3: The prevention and reduction of the impact of Erwinia on endives. Erwinia is a bacterial disease causing brown rot in endive, which has a strong impact on their quality and the
marketable quantity.
Case 4: The reduction of the impact of mosaic viruses on courgettes. Zucchini Yellow Mosaic
Virus (ZYMV) and Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV2) affect cucurbit crops. These
viruses can cause extremely severe damage, resulting in signifcant crop losses.
The data used in this study come directly from the farms using the genodic process. The data were
collected either by the farmer and his/her teams or by the Genodics team with verifcation and
validation by the farmer. All measurements were based on the actual production of the farms under
normal conditions, and therefore refect the actual impact, in real terms, of the use of the process.
In general, the acoustic sequences produced from the protein structures of the plants concerned
aim to stimulate their defence metabolisms, and those corresponding to pathogens aim to reduce
their activities. The process thus tends to inhibit the pathogen and limit its impact on the host
(Sternheimer, 2006).
MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR THE FOUR CASES
In the cases presented, the following evaluation methods were used, as shown in Table 10.1.
These cases are representative of the spectrum of action of the process on different kingdoms of
living organisms, whether vegetal (vine, endive, courgette), bacterial (Erwinia), fungal (Esca and
Mildew) or viral (Mosaics).
The installation of the acoustic diffusion system required is adapted to the agricultural context
and the evaluation method chosen. In general, a stand-alone sequence diffusion box is installed
to cover a maximum surface area, with additional diffusion boxes on larger surfaces. In order to
highlight a diffusion gradient (in the cases of Grape Powdery Mildew and courgette Mosaic), part
of the production is deliberately left out of reach of the diffuser in order to be able to compare the
Subtle Agroecologies
proteodies and corresponds to a specifc metabolism to regulate or to a plant disease to reduce. On
polycultures, the broadcast programmes are modifed more often than on monocultures, in order to
respond day after day to the needs of each type of plant, as observed by the farmer.
Genodics is also the name of a biotechnology company, created to develop applications for this
process and to provide market proof of the concept. To date, the company has established 280 treatment installations, spread over 2,500 ha of crops (vines, market gardening and arboriculture) and
180 farms. The company’s activities address many different agricultural issues.
THE FOUR PROJECT CASES
In this chapter, we present four projects conducted by Genodics, the results of which show a signifcant number of effects that hold potential for the expansion of the process and the development of
new applications. The projects are outlined below.
Case 1a, b and c: The prevention and reduction of the effects of Esca on vines between 2008
and 2019. Esca is a cryptogamic (spore-based), vascular wilt disease involving a large
number of anaerobic fungi, which develop inside the woody parts of the vine and can lead
to the sudden death of the vine stock by blocking the rise of sap (apoplexy). This project
was carried out throughout France following the ban on the use of sodium arsenite in 2002
(Ferrandiz et al., 2018; Bargoin et al., 2004).
Case 2: The prevention and reduction of the impact of Grape Powdery Mildew on a 7-ha vineyard. This mildew is caused by the fungus Plasmopara viticola. It affects the leaves and
berries and can substantially weaken the vigour of the vines, as well as the volume of the
harvest and the quality of the wine.
Case 3: The prevention and reduction of the impact of Erwinia on endives. Erwinia is a bacterial disease causing brown rot in endive, which has a strong impact on their quality and the
marketable quantity.
Case 4: The reduction of the impact of mosaic viruses on courgettes. Zucchini Yellow Mosaic
Virus (ZYMV) and Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV2) affect cucurbit crops. These
viruses can cause extremely severe damage, resulting in signifcant crop losses.
The data used in this study come directly from the farms using the genodic process. The data were
collected either by the farmer and his/her teams or by the Genodics team with verifcation and
validation by the farmer. All measurements were based on the actual production of the farms under
normal conditions, and therefore refect the actual impact, in real terms, of the use of the process.
In general, the acoustic sequences produced from the protein structures of the plants concerned
aim to stimulate their defence metabolisms, and those corresponding to pathogens aim to reduce
their activities. The process thus tends to inhibit the pathogen and limit its impact on the host
(Sternheimer, 2006).
MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR THE FOUR CASES
In the cases presented, the following evaluation methods were used, as shown in Table 10.1.
These cases are representative of the spectrum of action of the process on different kingdoms of
living organisms, whether vegetal (vine, endive, courgette), bacterial (Erwinia), fungal (Esca and
Mildew) or viral (Mosaics).
The installation of the acoustic diffusion system required is adapted to the agricultural context
and the evaluation method chosen. In general, a stand-alone sequence diffusion box is installed
to cover a maximum surface area, with additional diffusion boxes on larger surfaces. In order to
highlight a diffusion gradient (in the cases of Grape Powdery Mildew and courgette Mosaic), part
of the production is deliberately left out of reach of the diffuser in order to be able to compare the