86
S. Dhiman et al.
plant growth under defined conditions in soil microcosms, that overcome the drawbacks of field experiments by eliminating the errors arising from spatial variability
of soil physicochemical and fertility properties occur in field gradients (Kalita et al.
2015).
4.6 Dung on Nutrient Uptake in Plants
Nowadays, quality not the quantity of crop considered its merit from a commercial marketing point of view. This is the reason organic fertilizers raised crops have
been fetching good markets and presently being used as a common agricultural best
practices (Ahmad et al. 2019). Moreover, from awareness of the health consciousness point of view consumers are more interested in food of good nutritional quality
having devoid of chemical residues in the edible part of the plant. The production
of such organic products accomplished due to environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices from economic point of view (Roberts and Mattoo 2018).
Amendment of dung increases pH, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, loss on ignition, and exchangeable magnesium and calcium and decreased sulfate sorption in
soil (Raj et al. 2014). The dung manure played a noteworthy role in maintaining the
nutrient status of the plant (Sukartono et al. 2011). Nevertheless, nutrients contained
in animal manures are released more slowly and are stored for a longer time in the
soil ensuring longer residual effects similar to the long-term effect of some beneficial plant growth and health supporting bacteria (Maheshwari 2011) on growth and
development of crops (Sharma and Mittra 1991; Abou El-Magd et al. 2005).
Animals excrete N (nitrogen), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the ingested
feed, and these elements also appear in the manures. Thus, manure composition
depends on the quality of the animal feed offered to the animals; feeds high in
protein would give high nitrogen manures. The more phosphorous and potassium
are in the feed, the richer is the manure of these nutrients (Ghosh et al. 2004). Hence
it would be a noteworthy and eco-friendly farm practice, besides improving soil
fertility by activating soil mineral status and microbial biomass (Ayuso et al. 1996).
The manure nourishes soil organisms which gradually provide nutrients accessible
to plants. Manures have dual role (i) it contains all necessary nutrients in available
forms and (ii) improve the physical and biological properties of the soil (Abou ElMagd et al. 2006). Murmu et al. (2013) observed that organic manure increased crop
productivity, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and soil health in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and corn (Zea mays) in acidic soil and if animal manures applied
optimally an outstanding effect on the growth and yield of crops remains visible
(Makinde and Ayoola 2008).
Manures withstand cropping system through improved nutrient recycling (Powell
et al. 2002). Goat dung manure also exhibited significant influence on nutrient
availability in soil, nutrient status, depicted as an effective source of N, P, K, Ca,
Mg, and organic matter for promotion of healthy pepper production. Samuel et al.
(2003), observed in pepper crop productivity (Awodun et al. 2007), improved yield of
S. Dhiman et al.
plant growth under defined conditions in soil microcosms, that overcome the drawbacks of field experiments by eliminating the errors arising from spatial variability
of soil physicochemical and fertility properties occur in field gradients (Kalita et al.
2015).
4.6 Dung on Nutrient Uptake in Plants
Nowadays, quality not the quantity of crop considered its merit from a commercial marketing point of view. This is the reason organic fertilizers raised crops have
been fetching good markets and presently being used as a common agricultural best
practices (Ahmad et al. 2019). Moreover, from awareness of the health consciousness point of view consumers are more interested in food of good nutritional quality
having devoid of chemical residues in the edible part of the plant. The production
of such organic products accomplished due to environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices from economic point of view (Roberts and Mattoo 2018).
Amendment of dung increases pH, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, loss on ignition, and exchangeable magnesium and calcium and decreased sulfate sorption in
soil (Raj et al. 2014). The dung manure played a noteworthy role in maintaining the
nutrient status of the plant (Sukartono et al. 2011). Nevertheless, nutrients contained
in animal manures are released more slowly and are stored for a longer time in the
soil ensuring longer residual effects similar to the long-term effect of some beneficial plant growth and health supporting bacteria (Maheshwari 2011) on growth and
development of crops (Sharma and Mittra 1991; Abou El-Magd et al. 2005).
Animals excrete N (nitrogen), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the ingested
feed, and these elements also appear in the manures. Thus, manure composition
depends on the quality of the animal feed offered to the animals; feeds high in
protein would give high nitrogen manures. The more phosphorous and potassium
are in the feed, the richer is the manure of these nutrients (Ghosh et al. 2004). Hence
it would be a noteworthy and eco-friendly farm practice, besides improving soil
fertility by activating soil mineral status and microbial biomass (Ayuso et al. 1996).
The manure nourishes soil organisms which gradually provide nutrients accessible
to plants. Manures have dual role (i) it contains all necessary nutrients in available
forms and (ii) improve the physical and biological properties of the soil (Abou ElMagd et al. 2006). Murmu et al. (2013) observed that organic manure increased crop
productivity, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and soil health in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and corn (Zea mays) in acidic soil and if animal manures applied
optimally an outstanding effect on the growth and yield of crops remains visible
(Makinde and Ayoola 2008).
Manures withstand cropping system through improved nutrient recycling (Powell
et al. 2002). Goat dung manure also exhibited significant influence on nutrient
availability in soil, nutrient status, depicted as an effective source of N, P, K, Ca,
Mg, and organic matter for promotion of healthy pepper production. Samuel et al.
(2003), observed in pepper crop productivity (Awodun et al. 2007), improved yield of