304
C. Pandey et al.
Wu et al. (2005) evaluated the effect of biofertilizers (AMF, A. chroococcum, B.
megaterium, B. mucilaginous) on the maize growth and its nutritional properties and
reported enhanced growth, soil properties, and nutritional value (total N, P and K).
Increased N and P use efficiency was reported when the wheat plant was treated
with P. fluorescens ACC50 and P. fluorescens biotype F (ACC73) (Shaharooma et al.
2008). Arif et al. (2017) observed that the combination of N-enriched compost and P.
aeruginosa increased uptake efficiency of a sunflower plant, and a significant difference was observed in seed and quality of oil. Study also revealed that the inoculation
of wheat by Azospirillum spp. effectively enhanced P and N use efficiency of wheat
along with increased grain yield (Kivi et al. 2014). Ahmad et al. (2017) reported that
the combination of PGPRs with a decreased amount of urea and DAP increases plant
growth, yield (20%) along with nitrogen, and phosphorus use efficiency of wheat.
This can be helpful to heel decreased soil fertility slowly and can add beneficial
microbes in the soil.
Bacteria in agrobiology have multifarious role including nutrient efficiency in
crop plants (Maheshwari et al. 2013). Phosphate solubilizing microbes were found
as an effective tool for providing applied nutrients to the rice, few genera, and bean.
They increased nutrient uptake (N, P, K) and NUE (Duarah et al. 2011). Those PGPRs
having phosphate solubilizing, IAA producing, and disease suppressing ability are
known to enhance nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency as reported by various
workers. According to their study N, P, K uptake, and use efficiency of rice plants
increased due to application of hyperproducing IAA mutants of Burkholderia cepacia
(RRE25), Bacillus cereus, Brevibacillus reuszeri, and Rhizobium rubi have been
reported to increase growth and organic manure use efficiency of strawberry (Karlidag et al. 2009). A concurrent increase in wheat productivity and uptake of N and
P was observed by the application of consortium of P. striata, A. chroococcum, and
Glomus fasciculatum. Moreover, increased uptake leads to augmented nutrient use
efficiency (Khan and Zaidi 2007).
PGPRs also influence the micronutrient availability for the plants by using
different mechanisms: Root exudates alteration by the symbiotic and non-symbiotic
association with their respective host plants; enhancement of soil nutrient availability by increasing the solubility (Adesemoye and Kloepper 2009; Fitter et al.
2011). The plant growth significantly influenced by the micronutrients along with
the macronutrients supported metabolic and enzymatic activities in the plant. The
effects of PGPRs on nutrient availability and their use efficiency are depicted in
Fig. 13.2. In this context, Shabayev (2012) studied the effect of PGPRs and reported
increased iron and zinc contents in wheat while Sharma et al. (2015) demonstrated
that P. putida and Bacillus sp. BN30 treatment enhanced zinc content rice. Increased
Zn content was observed in Jaya and Pusa basmati-1 varieties of rice when treated
with Bacillus sp. BN30. Recently, Adak et al. (2016) studied the effect of PGPRs on
micronutrient enhancement and reported an increase in iron and zinc content in rice.
On the other hand, Pandey et al. (2018b) observed a positive correlation between
different treatments and NUE on amaranth using PGP bacilli. The study depicts that
NUE of amaranth for N, P, and K were increased with different treatments that would
C. Pandey et al.
Wu et al. (2005) evaluated the effect of biofertilizers (AMF, A. chroococcum, B.
megaterium, B. mucilaginous) on the maize growth and its nutritional properties and
reported enhanced growth, soil properties, and nutritional value (total N, P and K).
Increased N and P use efficiency was reported when the wheat plant was treated
with P. fluorescens ACC50 and P. fluorescens biotype F (ACC73) (Shaharooma et al.
2008). Arif et al. (2017) observed that the combination of N-enriched compost and P.
aeruginosa increased uptake efficiency of a sunflower plant, and a significant difference was observed in seed and quality of oil. Study also revealed that the inoculation
of wheat by Azospirillum spp. effectively enhanced P and N use efficiency of wheat
along with increased grain yield (Kivi et al. 2014). Ahmad et al. (2017) reported that
the combination of PGPRs with a decreased amount of urea and DAP increases plant
growth, yield (20%) along with nitrogen, and phosphorus use efficiency of wheat.
This can be helpful to heel decreased soil fertility slowly and can add beneficial
microbes in the soil.
Bacteria in agrobiology have multifarious role including nutrient efficiency in
crop plants (Maheshwari et al. 2013). Phosphate solubilizing microbes were found
as an effective tool for providing applied nutrients to the rice, few genera, and bean.
They increased nutrient uptake (N, P, K) and NUE (Duarah et al. 2011). Those PGPRs
having phosphate solubilizing, IAA producing, and disease suppressing ability are
known to enhance nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency as reported by various
workers. According to their study N, P, K uptake, and use efficiency of rice plants
increased due to application of hyperproducing IAA mutants of Burkholderia cepacia
(RRE25), Bacillus cereus, Brevibacillus reuszeri, and Rhizobium rubi have been
reported to increase growth and organic manure use efficiency of strawberry (Karlidag et al. 2009). A concurrent increase in wheat productivity and uptake of N and
P was observed by the application of consortium of P. striata, A. chroococcum, and
Glomus fasciculatum. Moreover, increased uptake leads to augmented nutrient use
efficiency (Khan and Zaidi 2007).
PGPRs also influence the micronutrient availability for the plants by using
different mechanisms: Root exudates alteration by the symbiotic and non-symbiotic
association with their respective host plants; enhancement of soil nutrient availability by increasing the solubility (Adesemoye and Kloepper 2009; Fitter et al.
2011). The plant growth significantly influenced by the micronutrients along with
the macronutrients supported metabolic and enzymatic activities in the plant. The
effects of PGPRs on nutrient availability and their use efficiency are depicted in
Fig. 13.2. In this context, Shabayev (2012) studied the effect of PGPRs and reported
increased iron and zinc contents in wheat while Sharma et al. (2015) demonstrated
that P. putida and Bacillus sp. BN30 treatment enhanced zinc content rice. Increased
Zn content was observed in Jaya and Pusa basmati-1 varieties of rice when treated
with Bacillus sp. BN30. Recently, Adak et al. (2016) studied the effect of PGPRs on
micronutrient enhancement and reported an increase in iron and zinc content in rice.
On the other hand, Pandey et al. (2018b) observed a positive correlation between
different treatments and NUE on amaranth using PGP bacilli. The study depicts that
NUE of amaranth for N, P, and K were increased with different treatments that would