6 Microbial Endophytes: New Direction to Natural Sources
145
Table 6.7 (continued)
Endophytes
Plant species
References
Bacillus sp. TP1LA1B and
Pantoea sp. AP1SA1
Pseudowintera colorata
Purushotham et al. (2020)
science and agriculture, these can supply active and pharmaceutical ingredients for
disease prevention and cure, endophytes can be a good topic of research in medical
science too. For example, they have a high potential in the production of raw material for drugs as they produce antimicrobial compounds and bioactive compounds
that have beneficial pharmacological effects. A reason for the importance of plantderived endophytes is their antimicrobial role, which can be effective in both plants
and animals (Sette et al. 2006; Kumar et al. 2011). For example, 18 compounds from
Tectona grandis L. and 37 compounds from Samanea saman Merr have antibacterial activities (Chareprasert et al. 2006). In addition, endophytes have biological
constituents that can be used in targeted drug delivery. Some of them can also be effective as anticancer and immune enhancer compounds (Joseph and Priya 2011). Some
major medicinal compounds (Fig. 6.6), which have been derived from endophytes
and have anti-pathogenic and medicinal activities, include Maytansinoids (Pullen
et al. 2003), Siderophores, etc. (Neilands 1993), Taxol as an important compound in
the treatment of cancers, and Huperzine A (Liu et al. 2009). Acremonium sp. showed
the presence of BAPT gene that is responsible for paclitaxel production and encoding
C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase. Therefore,
the selected endophyte has an individual metabolic system that can be activated in
the absence of the host or changing its ecology (El-Bialy and El-Bastawisy 2020).
Nuankeaw et al. (2020) showed the broad spectrum of violaceol which had the
potential antimicrobial activities against human pathogens.
This is the first report of phenol violaceol produced by a species of Trichoderma.
Pyrrolnitrin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by many strains of the genera
Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Myxococcus, Serratia
Fig. 6.6 Chemical structures of some bioactive compounds produced by endophytic microorganisms (a) Taxol (b) Huperzine A
145
Table 6.7 (continued)
Endophytes
Plant species
References
Bacillus sp. TP1LA1B and
Pantoea sp. AP1SA1
Pseudowintera colorata
Purushotham et al. (2020)
science and agriculture, these can supply active and pharmaceutical ingredients for
disease prevention and cure, endophytes can be a good topic of research in medical
science too. For example, they have a high potential in the production of raw material for drugs as they produce antimicrobial compounds and bioactive compounds
that have beneficial pharmacological effects. A reason for the importance of plantderived endophytes is their antimicrobial role, which can be effective in both plants
and animals (Sette et al. 2006; Kumar et al. 2011). For example, 18 compounds from
Tectona grandis L. and 37 compounds from Samanea saman Merr have antibacterial activities (Chareprasert et al. 2006). In addition, endophytes have biological
constituents that can be used in targeted drug delivery. Some of them can also be effective as anticancer and immune enhancer compounds (Joseph and Priya 2011). Some
major medicinal compounds (Fig. 6.6), which have been derived from endophytes
and have anti-pathogenic and medicinal activities, include Maytansinoids (Pullen
et al. 2003), Siderophores, etc. (Neilands 1993), Taxol as an important compound in
the treatment of cancers, and Huperzine A (Liu et al. 2009). Acremonium sp. showed
the presence of BAPT gene that is responsible for paclitaxel production and encoding
C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase. Therefore,
the selected endophyte has an individual metabolic system that can be activated in
the absence of the host or changing its ecology (El-Bialy and El-Bastawisy 2020).
Nuankeaw et al. (2020) showed the broad spectrum of violaceol which had the
potential antimicrobial activities against human pathogens.
This is the first report of phenol violaceol produced by a species of Trichoderma.
Pyrrolnitrin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by many strains of the genera
Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Myxococcus, Serratia
Fig. 6.6 Chemical structures of some bioactive compounds produced by endophytic microorganisms (a) Taxol (b) Huperzine A