4 Cattle Dung Manure Microbiota as a Substitute …
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poultry manure which increased the yield of tomato. Akande and Adediran (2004)
also examined the beneficial effect of manure on tomato and dry matter yield, soil
pH, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg and nutrient uptakes.
Later, Aluko and Oyedele (2005) studied the effects of organic waste on the
physical properties of soil and reported the significance of animal manure on soil
density and porosity. Among all organic manure sources, poultry manure was found
to be concentrated maximally concerning nutrient content (Lombin et al. 1991),
since it mineralizes more rapidly than other animal manure, thereby rapidly releasing
nutrients for plant uptake and utilization (Brady and Weils 1999). Senjobi et al. (2010)
reported the growth-promoting effect of poultry, plant, and sheep/goat manures in
the enhancement of vegetable growth parameters. Similarly, increment in chlorophyll
content and grain yield of maize and sorghum was also observed by Amujoyegbe et al.
(2007). Although, the application of a supra-optimal quantity of fertilizer proved a
suitable strategy for optimizing high productivity (Kumar et al. 2009; Calabi-Floody
et al. 2018) quality food nutrients is obtained only by the application of organic
manure including dung.
4.8 Effect of the Blending of Organic and Inorganic
Fertilizers
On the contrary, amendments of organic manure alone may not offer satisfactory
nutrient supply (Palm et al. 1997; Gentile et al. 2011; Bedada et al. 2014). To achieve
the demand, amendment of a combination of organic and inorganic resources viz.
(ISFM, Integrated Soil Fertility Management) outsourced resulting in better yield
and nutrient storage (Bedada et al. 2014; Ewusi-Mensah et al. 2015) For instance,
a combination of cow dung with NPK, significantly increased the yield of potato
tuber (Onwudike 2010). Earlier, combined application of NPK and compost (50
+ 50%) influenced the increment in carbohydrate content (Haukioja et al. 1998)
and enhancement of tomato and cucumber yield (Marzeh et al. 2012). EI-Sherbeny
et al. (2005) observed application of compost showed a remarkable increase in plant
pigments and total carbohydrate in Sideritis montana. Such a combination revealed
more cobs to borne and increase the crop yield in maize (Ayoola and Makinde 2008;
Bedada et al. 2014). The combination of inorganic and organic manure boosted soil
organic matter, phosphate availability, exchangeable ions, effective cation exchange
capacity, and soil pH (Onwudike 2010) required to increase soil fertility. Earlier,
Moyin-Jesu (2007) exhibited that a combination of plant and animal wastes with NPK
(15:15:15) increased uptake of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in coffee seedlings. Earlier, Chand
et al. (2006) reported that the mixed use of NPK and organic manure increased N, P,
K in soil and the growth of Mentha arvensis and Brassica juncea. Recently, Francioli
et al. (2016) observed the integrated use of extremely low dosage of chemical fertilizer
along with farmyard manure. The increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen content,
and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and crop yield were recorded. Application
91
poultry manure which increased the yield of tomato. Akande and Adediran (2004)
also examined the beneficial effect of manure on tomato and dry matter yield, soil
pH, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg and nutrient uptakes.
Later, Aluko and Oyedele (2005) studied the effects of organic waste on the
physical properties of soil and reported the significance of animal manure on soil
density and porosity. Among all organic manure sources, poultry manure was found
to be concentrated maximally concerning nutrient content (Lombin et al. 1991),
since it mineralizes more rapidly than other animal manure, thereby rapidly releasing
nutrients for plant uptake and utilization (Brady and Weils 1999). Senjobi et al. (2010)
reported the growth-promoting effect of poultry, plant, and sheep/goat manures in
the enhancement of vegetable growth parameters. Similarly, increment in chlorophyll
content and grain yield of maize and sorghum was also observed by Amujoyegbe et al.
(2007). Although, the application of a supra-optimal quantity of fertilizer proved a
suitable strategy for optimizing high productivity (Kumar et al. 2009; Calabi-Floody
et al. 2018) quality food nutrients is obtained only by the application of organic
manure including dung.
4.8 Effect of the Blending of Organic and Inorganic
Fertilizers
On the contrary, amendments of organic manure alone may not offer satisfactory
nutrient supply (Palm et al. 1997; Gentile et al. 2011; Bedada et al. 2014). To achieve
the demand, amendment of a combination of organic and inorganic resources viz.
(ISFM, Integrated Soil Fertility Management) outsourced resulting in better yield
and nutrient storage (Bedada et al. 2014; Ewusi-Mensah et al. 2015) For instance,
a combination of cow dung with NPK, significantly increased the yield of potato
tuber (Onwudike 2010). Earlier, combined application of NPK and compost (50
+ 50%) influenced the increment in carbohydrate content (Haukioja et al. 1998)
and enhancement of tomato and cucumber yield (Marzeh et al. 2012). EI-Sherbeny
et al. (2005) observed application of compost showed a remarkable increase in plant
pigments and total carbohydrate in Sideritis montana. Such a combination revealed
more cobs to borne and increase the crop yield in maize (Ayoola and Makinde 2008;
Bedada et al. 2014). The combination of inorganic and organic manure boosted soil
organic matter, phosphate availability, exchangeable ions, effective cation exchange
capacity, and soil pH (Onwudike 2010) required to increase soil fertility. Earlier,
Moyin-Jesu (2007) exhibited that a combination of plant and animal wastes with NPK
(15:15:15) increased uptake of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in coffee seedlings. Earlier, Chand
et al. (2006) reported that the mixed use of NPK and organic manure increased N, P,
K in soil and the growth of Mentha arvensis and Brassica juncea. Recently, Francioli
et al. (2016) observed the integrated use of extremely low dosage of chemical fertilizer
along with farmyard manure. The increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen content,
and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and crop yield were recorded. Application