Special Issue Editors
Ross P. Carlson
Montana State University Bozeman
USA
Herbert M. Sauro
University of Washington
USA
Editorial Office
MDPI
St. Alban-Anlage 66
4052 Basel, Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Processes
(ISSN 2227-9717) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes/
special issues/methods biology)
For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as
indicated below:
LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number,
Page Range.
ISBN 978-3-03921-163-0 (Pbk)
ISBN 978-3-03921-164-7 (PDF)
Cover image courtesy of S. Lee McGill and Ross P. Carlson.
c
2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon
published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum
dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.
The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons
license CC BY-NC-ND.
Ross P. Carlson
Montana State University Bozeman
USA
Herbert M. Sauro
University of Washington
USA
Editorial Office
MDPI
St. Alban-Anlage 66
4052 Basel, Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Processes
(ISSN 2227-9717) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes/
special issues/methods biology)
For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as
indicated below:
LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number,
Page Range.
ISBN 978-3-03921-163-0 (Pbk)
ISBN 978-3-03921-164-7 (PDF)
Cover image courtesy of S. Lee McGill and Ross P. Carlson.
c
2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon
published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum
dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.
The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons
license CC BY-NC-ND.