103
Miscanthus Production
systems (Bhattacharyya & Jha, 2012; Chen et al., 2009; George et al., 2008;
Ponomarenko et al., 2010, 2017).
Applications of PGRs have been studied in Europe for increasing the
production of different agricultural crops: wheat, maize, sunflowers
(Ponomarenko et al., 2010; Tsygankova et al., 2013a). A total of 14 different
PGRs produced by Agrobiotech Company (Ukraine), based on natural active
ingredients, were tested on Sorghum bicolor L., sunflowers, wheat, and maize
production, and the best results were received for two PGRs, Stimpo and
Regoplant. While growing sunflowers, treatment with these PGRs increased
the plant weight by 6.4% and the number of seeds in a head by 13.0%. In the
case of maize production such treatment increased plant height by 11.5%, leaf
surface area by 12.7%, and root length by 12.5%.
The application of PGRs to plants that grow on contaminated land may protect the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative shock induced by contaminants, increase root length, increase shoot growth, enhance the transpiration
rate and yield (Israr et al., 2011; Liphadzi et al., 2006). The use of PGRs usually
results in benefit with little risk of negative environmental effects, and PGRs may
also boost plant immunity to pests and pathogens (Ponomarenko et al., 2013;
Tsygankova et al., 2013b). Only a few publications exist on the impact of PGRs
in M. × giganteus production, when a crop was grown on regular agricultural
soil during one vegetation season (Zinchenko, 2013). Treatment of M. × giganteus
before planting with three PGRs Regoplant, Emistin, and Agrostimylin produced by AgroBiotech Company (Ukraine) increased the activity of photosynthesis and improved the survival rate. The treatment by PGRs stimulated plant
development by increasing the number of stems and the overall crop height. The
application of the same PGRs, Regoplant, Emistin, and Agrostimylin, increased
the photosynthesis rate when M. × giganteus was cultivated in the soil contaminated by radionuclides and gave an increase in the biomass at harvest of about
18.8%–25.3% (Zinchenko et al., 2016; Zinchenko et al., 2009).
5.7.1 Lab Research on Impact of PGRs on Phytoremediation
with Biomass Production Using Soils from Military
Sites Contaminated with Trace Elements
The impact of two PGRs, Stimpo and Regoplant, was tested in pots, with four
soils taken from two military sites of different origins (Dolyna, Ukraine and
Mimon, Czech Republic, two from each area). Soils in both cases were slightly
contaminated by heavy metals (Nebeská et al., 2019). PGRs were produced
by AgroBiotech Company (Ukraine) and consisted of a balanced composition of biologically active compounds, namely, analogues of phytohormones,
amino acids, fatty acids, oligosaccharides, microelements, and bioprotective
compounds. The treatment of rhizomes was done before planting and by
spraying on the biomass during growth. The results obtained (Nebeská et al.,
2019) showed that the main factor driving the increase of biomass parameters
was the agricultural characteristics of the soil: the better it was the greater
Miscanthus Production
systems (Bhattacharyya & Jha, 2012; Chen et al., 2009; George et al., 2008;
Ponomarenko et al., 2010, 2017).
Applications of PGRs have been studied in Europe for increasing the
production of different agricultural crops: wheat, maize, sunflowers
(Ponomarenko et al., 2010; Tsygankova et al., 2013a). A total of 14 different
PGRs produced by Agrobiotech Company (Ukraine), based on natural active
ingredients, were tested on Sorghum bicolor L., sunflowers, wheat, and maize
production, and the best results were received for two PGRs, Stimpo and
Regoplant. While growing sunflowers, treatment with these PGRs increased
the plant weight by 6.4% and the number of seeds in a head by 13.0%. In the
case of maize production such treatment increased plant height by 11.5%, leaf
surface area by 12.7%, and root length by 12.5%.
The application of PGRs to plants that grow on contaminated land may protect the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative shock induced by contaminants, increase root length, increase shoot growth, enhance the transpiration
rate and yield (Israr et al., 2011; Liphadzi et al., 2006). The use of PGRs usually
results in benefit with little risk of negative environmental effects, and PGRs may
also boost plant immunity to pests and pathogens (Ponomarenko et al., 2013;
Tsygankova et al., 2013b). Only a few publications exist on the impact of PGRs
in M. × giganteus production, when a crop was grown on regular agricultural
soil during one vegetation season (Zinchenko, 2013). Treatment of M. × giganteus
before planting with three PGRs Regoplant, Emistin, and Agrostimylin produced by AgroBiotech Company (Ukraine) increased the activity of photosynthesis and improved the survival rate. The treatment by PGRs stimulated plant
development by increasing the number of stems and the overall crop height. The
application of the same PGRs, Regoplant, Emistin, and Agrostimylin, increased
the photosynthesis rate when M. × giganteus was cultivated in the soil contaminated by radionuclides and gave an increase in the biomass at harvest of about
18.8%–25.3% (Zinchenko et al., 2016; Zinchenko et al., 2009).
5.7.1 Lab Research on Impact of PGRs on Phytoremediation
with Biomass Production Using Soils from Military
Sites Contaminated with Trace Elements
The impact of two PGRs, Stimpo and Regoplant, was tested in pots, with four
soils taken from two military sites of different origins (Dolyna, Ukraine and
Mimon, Czech Republic, two from each area). Soils in both cases were slightly
contaminated by heavy metals (Nebeská et al., 2019). PGRs were produced
by AgroBiotech Company (Ukraine) and consisted of a balanced composition of biologically active compounds, namely, analogues of phytohormones,
amino acids, fatty acids, oligosaccharides, microelements, and bioprotective
compounds. The treatment of rhizomes was done before planting and by
spraying on the biomass during growth. The results obtained (Nebeská et al.,
2019) showed that the main factor driving the increase of biomass parameters
was the agricultural characteristics of the soil: the better it was the greater