432
Index
Gold (Au) (Continued)
usages of, 131
in waters
concentration of, 132
contents of, 132t
occurrence of, 133
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), 134–135
H
Hafnium (Hf)
in air, 138
in coal, 137
exposure to, 139
in humans, 139
in industrial sector, 137
in medical treatment, 139
oxidation state of, 137
in plants, 139
production of, 137
in rocks, 137
in soils, 137, 138t
in waters, 138
Halite, 71
Health Canada and Environment Canada, 228
Hexavalent Chromium, 80, 82–84
Hormesis theory, 259
Hydrated In oxide, 143–144
I
Immunogold labeling technique, 134
Indium (In)
in air, 142t, 143
in coal, 141
in food, 144t
in humans
dietary exposure of, 144
effects of, 143–144
exposure to, 143
fibrin thrombi, 144
oxidation state of, 141
in plants, 143
production in 2010, 141
in rocks, 141
in soils, 141–142, 142t
in waters, 142
Inorganic Hg salts, 208
Institute of Medicine of the National Research
Council, 84
International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC), 18, 51, 61, 84, 93, 178, 209, 229,
246, 256, 312, 314, 338, 353, 384
International Commission on Radiological
Protection, 259
International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry, 371, 381
Iodine (I)
in air, 148
in animals, 152
in coal, 145
in foodstuff, 151t
in humans
deficiency of, 149–151
dietary requirements of, 150–151
isotopes of, 145
minerals of, 145
oxidation state of, 145
in plants
concentration in algae, 149
contents of, 149
toxic concentration of, 148
production in 2010, 145
in rocks, 145
in soils
contents of, 146, 146t
species of, 147
in waters
concentration of, 147
species of, 147–148
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD),
147, 150
Iridium (Ir)
annual production of, 153
in coal, 153
in concentration of water, 153–154
dietary exposure of, 154
in environment, 153–154
in food, 154
in humans, 154
in medical treatment, 153
minerals of, 153
oxidation state of, 153
radioisotopes, 153
Iron (Fe)
in air, 157t, 159
in animals
concentration of, 165
contents of, 165t
deficiency of, 164
requirement of, 164
toxicity effects of, 164
in coal, 155
compounds of, 157
fate in weathering process, 155
in fly ash, 155
in foodstuff, 163t–164t
heme, 162
in humans
deficiency of, 162–163
dietary types of, 162
excess of, 163
functions of, 162
intake of, 164
Index
Gold (Au) (Continued)
usages of, 131
in waters
concentration of, 132
contents of, 132t
occurrence of, 133
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), 134–135
H
Hafnium (Hf)
in air, 138
in coal, 137
exposure to, 139
in humans, 139
in industrial sector, 137
in medical treatment, 139
oxidation state of, 137
in plants, 139
production of, 137
in rocks, 137
in soils, 137, 138t
in waters, 138
Halite, 71
Health Canada and Environment Canada, 228
Hexavalent Chromium, 80, 82–84
Hormesis theory, 259
Hydrated In oxide, 143–144
I
Immunogold labeling technique, 134
Indium (In)
in air, 142t, 143
in coal, 141
in food, 144t
in humans
dietary exposure of, 144
effects of, 143–144
exposure to, 143
fibrin thrombi, 144
oxidation state of, 141
in plants, 143
production in 2010, 141
in rocks, 141
in soils, 141–142, 142t
in waters, 142
Inorganic Hg salts, 208
Institute of Medicine of the National Research
Council, 84
International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC), 18, 51, 61, 84, 93, 178, 209, 229,
246, 256, 312, 314, 338, 353, 384
International Commission on Radiological
Protection, 259
International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry, 371, 381
Iodine (I)
in air, 148
in animals, 152
in coal, 145
in foodstuff, 151t
in humans
deficiency of, 149–151
dietary requirements of, 150–151
isotopes of, 145
minerals of, 145
oxidation state of, 145
in plants
concentration in algae, 149
contents of, 149
toxic concentration of, 148
production in 2010, 145
in rocks, 145
in soils
contents of, 146, 146t
species of, 147
in waters
concentration of, 147
species of, 147–148
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD),
147, 150
Iridium (Ir)
annual production of, 153
in coal, 153
in concentration of water, 153–154
dietary exposure of, 154
in environment, 153–154
in food, 154
in humans, 154
in medical treatment, 153
minerals of, 153
oxidation state of, 153
radioisotopes, 153
Iron (Fe)
in air, 157t, 159
in animals
concentration of, 165
contents of, 165t
deficiency of, 164
requirement of, 164
toxicity effects of, 164
in coal, 155
compounds of, 157
fate in weathering process, 155
in fly ash, 155
in foodstuff, 163t–164t
heme, 162
in humans
deficiency of, 162–163
dietary types of, 162
excess of, 163
functions of, 162
intake of, 164