428
Index
Arsenic (As) (Continued )
in waters
concentration of, 15–16
dimethylarsenic acid (DMAA), 15
drinking water, provisional guideline
value of, 16
monomethyl arsenic acid (MMAA), 15
quality test in Bangladesh, 20
removal of, 15–16
Artificial radionuclides, survey on, 70
Automotive catalytic converters (ACCs), 239
B
Baritosis. See Pulmonary baritosis
Barium (Ba)
in air, 24t, 25
in coal, 23
in fly ash, 23
in foodstuff, 26t, 27
in humans
absorption of, 25–26
exposure to, 25, 27
intake of, 27
toxicity of, 25
in industrial sector, 23
minerals of, 23
oxidation state of, 23
in plants, 25
production in 2010, 23
in rocks, 23
in soils
concentration of, 23
contents of, 23, 24t
sources of, 24
in waters
concentration of, 24–25
contents of, 24t
in X-ray units, 23
Barysphere, 221
Beryllium (Be)
in air, 30t, 31
in coal, 29
in fly ash, 29
in foodstuff, 33t
in humans
acute disease of, 32
chronic disease of, 32
concentration of, 31
exposure to, 32
intake of, 32–33
tobacco smoke in, 32
toxicity of, 31
in industrial sector, 29
main sources of, 31
minerals of, 29
occurrence in isotopes, 29
oxidation state of, 29
in plants, 31
production in 2010, 29
in rocks, 29
in soils, 29–30, 30t
in waters, 30, 30t
Biological active chromium, 83–84
Bismuth (Bi)
in air, 36
in coal, 35
in foodstuff, 38t
in graphite shales, 35
in humans
after ingestion of inorganic, 38
compounds containing, 37
intake of, 38
toxic effects of, 37
in industrial sector, 35
in medical applications, 37
microbial methylation of, 37
minerals of, 35
oxidation state of, 35
in plants, 36–37
production in 2010, 35
radionuclides of, 36
in rocks, 35
in soils, 35–36, 36t
in waters, 36, 36t
Blackfoot disease, 18
Bog iron ores, 155
Boron (B)
in air, 41
anthropogenic emission of, 41
in coal, 39
in fly ash, 39
in foodstuff, 45t
global emission of, 41
in humans
for adults, 45
concentrations of, 43
intake of, 44
role of, 43
symptoms of acute poisoning, 44
in industrial sector, 39
minerals of, 39
oxidation state of, 39
in plants
activities of, 42
deficiency of, 42
fodder plants, 42
interaction in uptake of nutrients, 43
soil contamination with, 43
toxicity of, 42
poor sources of, 44
production in 2010, 39
richest sources of, 44
in rocks, 39
Index
Arsenic (As) (Continued )
in waters
concentration of, 15–16
dimethylarsenic acid (DMAA), 15
drinking water, provisional guideline
value of, 16
monomethyl arsenic acid (MMAA), 15
quality test in Bangladesh, 20
removal of, 15–16
Artificial radionuclides, survey on, 70
Automotive catalytic converters (ACCs), 239
B
Baritosis. See Pulmonary baritosis
Barium (Ba)
in air, 24t, 25
in coal, 23
in fly ash, 23
in foodstuff, 26t, 27
in humans
absorption of, 25–26
exposure to, 25, 27
intake of, 27
toxicity of, 25
in industrial sector, 23
minerals of, 23
oxidation state of, 23
in plants, 25
production in 2010, 23
in rocks, 23
in soils
concentration of, 23
contents of, 23, 24t
sources of, 24
in waters
concentration of, 24–25
contents of, 24t
in X-ray units, 23
Barysphere, 221
Beryllium (Be)
in air, 30t, 31
in coal, 29
in fly ash, 29
in foodstuff, 33t
in humans
acute disease of, 32
chronic disease of, 32
concentration of, 31
exposure to, 32
intake of, 32–33
tobacco smoke in, 32
toxicity of, 31
in industrial sector, 29
main sources of, 31
minerals of, 29
occurrence in isotopes, 29
oxidation state of, 29
in plants, 31
production in 2010, 29
in rocks, 29
in soils, 29–30, 30t
in waters, 30, 30t
Biological active chromium, 83–84
Bismuth (Bi)
in air, 36
in coal, 35
in foodstuff, 38t
in graphite shales, 35
in humans
after ingestion of inorganic, 38
compounds containing, 37
intake of, 38
toxic effects of, 37
in industrial sector, 35
in medical applications, 37
microbial methylation of, 37
minerals of, 35
oxidation state of, 35
in plants, 36–37
production in 2010, 35
radionuclides of, 36
in rocks, 35
in soils, 35–36, 36t
in waters, 36, 36t
Blackfoot disease, 18
Bog iron ores, 155
Boron (B)
in air, 41
anthropogenic emission of, 41
in coal, 39
in fly ash, 39
in foodstuff, 45t
global emission of, 41
in humans
for adults, 45
concentrations of, 43
intake of, 44
role of, 43
symptoms of acute poisoning, 44
in industrial sector, 39
minerals of, 39
oxidation state of, 39
in plants
activities of, 42
deficiency of, 42
fodder plants, 42
interaction in uptake of nutrients, 43
soil contamination with, 43
toxicity of, 42
poor sources of, 44
production in 2010, 39
richest sources of, 44
in rocks, 39