Figure 12.1
Figure 12.2
 
Batteries
Corrosion
Sensors
37%
Actuators
9%
10%
17%
LED
7%
Photovoltaics
1%
Membranes
19%
 
Bacterial Nanocellulose as a Structured Platform for Conductive Biopolymers 241
Publications
Patents
30
25
1000
800
Publications
20
600
15
400
10
200
5
0
0
Patents
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Figure 12.1
Number.of.journal.articles.and.patents.published.annually.relating.to.“conductive.polymers.”.
For.“publications,”.data.was.gathered.from.ISI.Web.of.Knowledge.(http://wokinfo.com/);.for.
“patents”.data.was.gathered.from.EspaceNet.(http://worldwide.espacenet.com/).
Figure 12.2
Proportion.of.scientific. journals. (from. 1990. to. 2010). grouped. under. specific.categories.. Data.
was.gathered.from.ISI.Web.of.Knowledge.(http://wokinfo.com/),.combining.each.of.the.above.
categories.with.“conductive.polymers,”.both.under.the.“topic”.search.query.
state).is.converted.into.a.doped.state..Transitory.doping.techniques.such.as.
photo. doping,.charge-injection.doping,.or.nonredox.doping. ,.which.introduce.
no. d . opant. ions,. are. also. known.. The. doping. process. induces. substantial.
changes.in.the.polymers’.structure.and.physicochemical.properties,.such.as.
mechanical,.electronic,.optic,.and.magnetic.properties.of.the.polymer..Upon.
doping.a.conjugated.polymer,.its.electrical.conductivity.can.be.increased.by.
several.orders.of.magnitude,.from.an.originally.insulating.or.semiconducting.
. material.(10 −15 –10 −5 .S/cm).to.a.doped.form.of.the.polymer,.in  many.cases.with.
near. metallic. conductivity. (1–10 4 . S/cm).. Also,. their. electrical. conductivity.