TABLe 8.2
The.In-Use.Characteristics,.Patient-Centered.Outcomes,.and.Potential.Utilization.
Methods.of.BNC-Based.Wound.Dressings
In-Use Characteristics
. 1.. Versatile,.sterilizable,.mechanically.durable,.available.in.any.size.and.shape,.can.be.used.
for.treatment.of.various.types.of.wounds.
. 2.. Biocompatible,.nonpyrogenic,.cause.neither.toxic.nor.allergenic.side.effects.
. 3.. Can.be.used.as.carriers.of.antimicrobial.agents,.debriding.enzymes,.or.other.agents,.
increasing.the.rate.of.wound.healing.
. 4.. Provides.a.moist.environment.around.wounds,.accelerating.their.healing.
. 5.. Relatively.long.dressing.wear.time.caused.by.high.wound.exudate.holding.capacity.
. 6.. Easy.to.change.or.remove—saves.nursing.time.and.labor.costs.
. 7.. Translucent—allows.monitoring.of.the.process.of.wound.healing.between.dressing.changes.
. 8.. Excellent.hemostatic.properties.
. 9.. Attenuation.of.thrombogenicity.
.10.. Nonresorbable.(however,.specific.modifications.make.them.resorbable).
.11.. Conform.to.the.contour.of.a.wound.irrespective.of.its.shape.and.depth.and.thereby.reduces.
the.threat.of.harmful.microbial.contamination.
Patient-Centered Outcomes
. 1.. Pain.relief.and.patient.comfort.

. 2.. Reduces.dressing-related.trauma.because.of.painless.and.easy.application.and.removal.

. 3.. Dressing.changes.are.not.frequent.and.do.not.cause.stripping.of.the.wound.surface.

. 4.. Eliminates.maceration.and.stripping.of.the.periwound.skin.

. 5.. Very.light.and.flexible.

. 6.. Reduces.scarring.and.provides.excellent.cosmetic.results.

End of Life Cycle – Potential Utilization Methods
. 1.. BNC.is.fully.biodegradable,.so.after.the.sell-by.date.the.unused.dressings.can.be.subjected.
to.enzymatic,.microbial,.or.chemical.saccharification.
. 2.. Used.wound.dressings.can.be.incinerated.to.produce.heat.or.subjected.to.acid.hydrolysis.
and.resulting.hydrolysates.can.be.used.to.produce.biogas.
Wound Dressings and Cosmetic Materials from Bacterial Nanocellulose
161
Manufacturers.of.cellulose.dressings.recommend.them.for.use.as.a.temporary.covering.for.the.treatment.of.wounds,.including.pressure.sores,.skin.
tears,. venous. stasis,. ischemic. and. diabetic. wounds,. second-degree. burns,.
skin.graft.donor.sites,.traumatic.abrasions.and.lacerations,.and.biopsy.sites..
Examples. of. over-the-counter. BNC-based. wound. dressings. are. the. products. manufactured. and. marketed. by. the. Brazilian. multinational. company.
Fibrocel.under.a.number.of.trademarks.such.as.Dermafill,.BioFill,.BioProcess,.
and. Nexfill.. They. are. said. to. be. identical. in. performance,. structure,. and.
manufacturing.process..Another.manufacturer.of.microbial.cellulose.dressings.is.Xylos.Corporation,.which.marketed.them.under.trademarks.such.as.
XCell.and.Prima.Cel TM ..Dressings.that.have.been.manufactured.in.Poland.
according. to. the. technology. developed. by. researchers. from. the. Technical.
University.of.Lodz.by.using.a.highly.efficient.strain G. xylinus.E25.have.been.
marketed.under.the.trademarks.CelMatC.and.CelMatMG.