73
Wnt Signaling in Tissue Differentiation
the regulation of competence in early development. Dev Biol
462, 20–35.
Feike, A.C., Rachor, K., Gentzel, M., Schambony, A., 2010. Wnt5a/
Ror2-induced upregulation of xPAPC requires xShcA.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 400, 500–506.
Funayama, N., Fagotto, F., McCrea, P., Gumbiner, B.M., 1995.
Embryonic axis induction by the armadillo repeat domain of
beta-catenin: Evidence for intracellular signaling. J Cell Biol
128, 959–968.
Gammons, M., Bienz, M., 2018. Multiprotein complexes governing Wnt signal transduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 51, 42–49.
Gessert, S., Maurus, D., Brade, T., Walther, P., Pandur, P., Kuhl, M.,
2008. DM-GRASP/ALCAM/CD166 is required for cardiac
morphogenesis and maintenance of cardiac identity in f rst
heart feld derived cells. Dev Biol 321, 150–161.
Gibb, N., Lavery, D.L., Hoppler, S., 2013. Sfrp1 promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation in Xenopus via negative-feedback
regulation of Wnt signalling. Development 140, 1537–1549.
Glinka, A., Wu, W., Delius, H., Monaghan, A.P., Blumenstock, C.,
Niehrs, C., 1998. Dickkopf-1 is a member of a new family
of secreted proteins and functions in head induction. Nature
391, 357–362.
Gradl, D., Kuhl, M., Wedlich, D., 1999. The Wnt/Wg signal transducer beta-catenin controls fbronectin expression. Mol Cell
Biol 19, 5576–5587.
Griffn, J.N., Del Viso, F., Duncan, A.R., Robson, A., Hwang, W.,
Kulkarni, S., Liu, K.J., Khokha, M.K., 2018. RAPGEF5
regulates nuclear translocation of beta-catenin. Dev Cell 44,
248–260 e244.
Guo, Y., Dorn, T., Kuhl, S.J., Linnemann, A., Rothe, M., Pf ster,
A.S., Vainio, S., Laugwitz, K.L., Moretti, A., Kuhl, M., 2019.
The Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 is required for maintaining the normal cardiac differentiation program in Xenopus laevis. Dev
Biol 449, 1–13.
Habas, R., Dawid, I.B., He, X., 2003. Coactivation of Rac and Rho
by Wnt/Frizzled signaling is required for vertebrate gastrulation. Genes Dev 17, 295–309.
Habas, R., Kato, Y., He, X., 2001. Wnt/Frizzled activation of Rho
regulates vertebrate gastrulation and requires a novel Formin
homology protein Daam1. Cell 107, 843–854.
Hamilton, F.S., Wheeler, G.N., Hoppler, S., 2001. Difference
in XTcf-3 dependency accounts for change in response to
beta-catenin-mediated Wnt signalling in Xenopus blastula.
Development 128, 2063–2073.
Haremaki, T., Tanaka, Y., Hongo, I., Yuge, M., Okamoto, H., 2003.
Integration of multiple signal transducing pathways on Fgf
response elements of the Xenopus caudal homologue Xcad3.
Development 130, 4907–4917.
Heasman, J., Kofron, M., Wylie, C., 2000. Beta-catenin signaling
activity dissected in the early Xenopus embryo: A novel antisense approach. Dev Biol 222, 124–134.
Hedgepeth, C.M., Deardorff, M.A., Rankin, K., Klein, P.S., 1999.
Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and downstream Wnt signaling by axin. Mol Cell Biol 19, 7147–7157.
Hempel, A., Kuhl, S.J., Rothe, M., Rao Tata, P., Sirbu, I.O., Vainio,
S.J., Kuhl, M., 2017. The CapZ interacting protein Rcsd1
is required for cardiogenesis downstream of Wnt11a in
Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 424, 28–39.
Holmen, S.L., Salic, A., Zylstra, C.R., Kirschner, M.W., Williams,
B.O., 2002. A novel set of Wnt-Frizzled fusion proteins identifes receptor components that activate beta-catenin-dependent
signaling. J Biol Chem 277, 34727–34735.
Hontelez, S., van Kruijsbergen, I., Georgiou, G., van Heeringen,
S.J., Bogdanovic, O., Lister, R., Veenstra, G.J.C., 2015.
Embryonic transcription is controlled by maternally def ned
chromatin state. Nat Commun 6, 10148.
Hoppler, S., Brown, J.D., Moon, R.T., 1996. Expression of a dominant-negative Wnt blocks induction of MyoD in Xenopus
embryos. Genes Dev 10, 2805–2817.
Hoppler, S., Conlon, F.L., 2020. Xenopus: Experimental access
to cardiovascular development, regeneration discovery, and
cardiovascular heart-defect modeling. Cold Spring Harb
Perspect Biol 12.
Hoppler, S., Kavanagh, C.L., 2007. Wnt signalling: Variety at the
core. J Cell Sci 120, 385–393.
Hoppler, S., Mazzotta, S., Kuhl, M., 2014. Wnt signaling in heart
development. In: Hoppler, S., Moon, R.T. (Eds.), Wnt Signaling
in Development and Disease. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
Hoppler, S., Moon, R.T., 1998. BMP-2/-4 and Wnt-8 cooperatively
pattern the Xenopus mesoderm. Mech Dev 71, 119–129.
Hoppler, S., Nakamura, J., 2014. Cell-to-Cell Signalling in
Development: Wnt Signalling, eLS. Wiley Online Library,
Hoboken, NJ.
Hoppler, S., Waterman, M.L., 2014. Evolutionary diversif cation of vertebrate TCF/LEF structure, function, and regulation. In: Hoppler, S., Moon, R.T. (Eds.), Wnt Signaling in
Development and Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and
Biological Functions. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Hoboken,
NJ, pp. 225–237.
Huang, T., Xie, Z., Wang, J., Li, M., Jing, N., Li, L., 2011. Nuclear
factor of activated T cells (NFAT) proteins repress canonical
Wnt signaling via its interaction with Dishevelled (Dvl) protein and participate in regulating neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. J Biol Chem 286, 37399–37405.
Hyde, A.S., Hang, B.I., Lee, E., 2016. Reconstitution of the cytoplasmic regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway using
Xenopus egg extracts. Methods Mol Biol 1481, 101–109.
Ishitani, T., Kishida, S., Hyodo-Miura, J., Ueno, N., Yasuda, J.,
Waterman, M., Shibuya, H., Moon, R.T., Ninomiya-Tsuji,
J., Matsumoto, K., 2003. The TAK1-NLK mitogen-activated
protein kinase cascade functions in the Wnt-5a/Ca(2+) pathway to antagonize Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Mol Cell Biol
23, 131–139.
Itoh, K., Krupnik, V.E., Sokol, S.Y., 1998. Axis determination in
Xenopus involves biochemical interactions of axin, glycogen
synthase kinase 3 and beta-catenin. Curr Biol 8, 591–594.
Janda, C.Y., Waghray, D., Levin, A.M., Thomas, C., Garcia, K.C.,
2012. Structural basis of Wnt recognition by Frizzled.
Science 337, 59–64.
Jenei, V., Sherwood, V., Howlin, J., Linnskog, R., Safholm, A.,
Axelsson, L., Andersson, T., 2009. A t-butyloxycarbonylmodifed Wnt5a-derived hexapeptide functions as a potent
antagonist of Wnt5a-dependent melanoma cell invasion.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 19473–19478.
Kestler, H.A., Kuhl, M., 2008. From individual Wnt pathways
towards a Wnt signalling network. Philos Trans R Soc Lond
B Biol Sci 363, 1333–1347.
Kestler, H.A., Kuhl, M., 2011. Generating a Wnt switch: It’s all
about the right dosage. J Cell Biol 193, 431–433.
Kim, G.H., Han, J.K., 2005. JNK and ROKalpha function in the
noncanonical Wnt/RhoA signaling pathway to regulate
Xenopus convergent extension movements. Dev Dyn 232,
958–968.
Kjolby, R.A.S., Truchado-Garcia, M., Iruvanti, S., Harland, R.M.,
2019. Integration of Wnt and FGF signaling in the Xenopus
gastrula at TCF and Ets binding sites shows the importance
of short-range repression by TCF in patterning the marginal
zone. Development 146.
Wnt Signaling in Tissue Differentiation
the regulation of competence in early development. Dev Biol
462, 20–35.
Feike, A.C., Rachor, K., Gentzel, M., Schambony, A., 2010. Wnt5a/
Ror2-induced upregulation of xPAPC requires xShcA.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 400, 500–506.
Funayama, N., Fagotto, F., McCrea, P., Gumbiner, B.M., 1995.
Embryonic axis induction by the armadillo repeat domain of
beta-catenin: Evidence for intracellular signaling. J Cell Biol
128, 959–968.
Gammons, M., Bienz, M., 2018. Multiprotein complexes governing Wnt signal transduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 51, 42–49.
Gessert, S., Maurus, D., Brade, T., Walther, P., Pandur, P., Kuhl, M.,
2008. DM-GRASP/ALCAM/CD166 is required for cardiac
morphogenesis and maintenance of cardiac identity in f rst
heart feld derived cells. Dev Biol 321, 150–161.
Gibb, N., Lavery, D.L., Hoppler, S., 2013. Sfrp1 promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation in Xenopus via negative-feedback
regulation of Wnt signalling. Development 140, 1537–1549.
Glinka, A., Wu, W., Delius, H., Monaghan, A.P., Blumenstock, C.,
Niehrs, C., 1998. Dickkopf-1 is a member of a new family
of secreted proteins and functions in head induction. Nature
391, 357–362.
Gradl, D., Kuhl, M., Wedlich, D., 1999. The Wnt/Wg signal transducer beta-catenin controls fbronectin expression. Mol Cell
Biol 19, 5576–5587.
Griffn, J.N., Del Viso, F., Duncan, A.R., Robson, A., Hwang, W.,
Kulkarni, S., Liu, K.J., Khokha, M.K., 2018. RAPGEF5
regulates nuclear translocation of beta-catenin. Dev Cell 44,
248–260 e244.
Guo, Y., Dorn, T., Kuhl, S.J., Linnemann, A., Rothe, M., Pf ster,
A.S., Vainio, S., Laugwitz, K.L., Moretti, A., Kuhl, M., 2019.
The Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 is required for maintaining the normal cardiac differentiation program in Xenopus laevis. Dev
Biol 449, 1–13.
Habas, R., Dawid, I.B., He, X., 2003. Coactivation of Rac and Rho
by Wnt/Frizzled signaling is required for vertebrate gastrulation. Genes Dev 17, 295–309.
Habas, R., Kato, Y., He, X., 2001. Wnt/Frizzled activation of Rho
regulates vertebrate gastrulation and requires a novel Formin
homology protein Daam1. Cell 107, 843–854.
Hamilton, F.S., Wheeler, G.N., Hoppler, S., 2001. Difference
in XTcf-3 dependency accounts for change in response to
beta-catenin-mediated Wnt signalling in Xenopus blastula.
Development 128, 2063–2073.
Haremaki, T., Tanaka, Y., Hongo, I., Yuge, M., Okamoto, H., 2003.
Integration of multiple signal transducing pathways on Fgf
response elements of the Xenopus caudal homologue Xcad3.
Development 130, 4907–4917.
Heasman, J., Kofron, M., Wylie, C., 2000. Beta-catenin signaling
activity dissected in the early Xenopus embryo: A novel antisense approach. Dev Biol 222, 124–134.
Hedgepeth, C.M., Deardorff, M.A., Rankin, K., Klein, P.S., 1999.
Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and downstream Wnt signaling by axin. Mol Cell Biol 19, 7147–7157.
Hempel, A., Kuhl, S.J., Rothe, M., Rao Tata, P., Sirbu, I.O., Vainio,
S.J., Kuhl, M., 2017. The CapZ interacting protein Rcsd1
is required for cardiogenesis downstream of Wnt11a in
Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 424, 28–39.
Holmen, S.L., Salic, A., Zylstra, C.R., Kirschner, M.W., Williams,
B.O., 2002. A novel set of Wnt-Frizzled fusion proteins identifes receptor components that activate beta-catenin-dependent
signaling. J Biol Chem 277, 34727–34735.
Hontelez, S., van Kruijsbergen, I., Georgiou, G., van Heeringen,
S.J., Bogdanovic, O., Lister, R., Veenstra, G.J.C., 2015.
Embryonic transcription is controlled by maternally def ned
chromatin state. Nat Commun 6, 10148.
Hoppler, S., Brown, J.D., Moon, R.T., 1996. Expression of a dominant-negative Wnt blocks induction of MyoD in Xenopus
embryos. Genes Dev 10, 2805–2817.
Hoppler, S., Conlon, F.L., 2020. Xenopus: Experimental access
to cardiovascular development, regeneration discovery, and
cardiovascular heart-defect modeling. Cold Spring Harb
Perspect Biol 12.
Hoppler, S., Kavanagh, C.L., 2007. Wnt signalling: Variety at the
core. J Cell Sci 120, 385–393.
Hoppler, S., Mazzotta, S., Kuhl, M., 2014. Wnt signaling in heart
development. In: Hoppler, S., Moon, R.T. (Eds.), Wnt Signaling
in Development and Disease. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
Hoppler, S., Moon, R.T., 1998. BMP-2/-4 and Wnt-8 cooperatively
pattern the Xenopus mesoderm. Mech Dev 71, 119–129.
Hoppler, S., Nakamura, J., 2014. Cell-to-Cell Signalling in
Development: Wnt Signalling, eLS. Wiley Online Library,
Hoboken, NJ.
Hoppler, S., Waterman, M.L., 2014. Evolutionary diversif cation of vertebrate TCF/LEF structure, function, and regulation. In: Hoppler, S., Moon, R.T. (Eds.), Wnt Signaling in
Development and Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and
Biological Functions. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Hoboken,
NJ, pp. 225–237.
Huang, T., Xie, Z., Wang, J., Li, M., Jing, N., Li, L., 2011. Nuclear
factor of activated T cells (NFAT) proteins repress canonical
Wnt signaling via its interaction with Dishevelled (Dvl) protein and participate in regulating neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. J Biol Chem 286, 37399–37405.
Hyde, A.S., Hang, B.I., Lee, E., 2016. Reconstitution of the cytoplasmic regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway using
Xenopus egg extracts. Methods Mol Biol 1481, 101–109.
Ishitani, T., Kishida, S., Hyodo-Miura, J., Ueno, N., Yasuda, J.,
Waterman, M., Shibuya, H., Moon, R.T., Ninomiya-Tsuji,
J., Matsumoto, K., 2003. The TAK1-NLK mitogen-activated
protein kinase cascade functions in the Wnt-5a/Ca(2+) pathway to antagonize Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Mol Cell Biol
23, 131–139.
Itoh, K., Krupnik, V.E., Sokol, S.Y., 1998. Axis determination in
Xenopus involves biochemical interactions of axin, glycogen
synthase kinase 3 and beta-catenin. Curr Biol 8, 591–594.
Janda, C.Y., Waghray, D., Levin, A.M., Thomas, C., Garcia, K.C.,
2012. Structural basis of Wnt recognition by Frizzled.
Science 337, 59–64.
Jenei, V., Sherwood, V., Howlin, J., Linnskog, R., Safholm, A.,
Axelsson, L., Andersson, T., 2009. A t-butyloxycarbonylmodifed Wnt5a-derived hexapeptide functions as a potent
antagonist of Wnt5a-dependent melanoma cell invasion.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 19473–19478.
Kestler, H.A., Kuhl, M., 2008. From individual Wnt pathways
towards a Wnt signalling network. Philos Trans R Soc Lond
B Biol Sci 363, 1333–1347.
Kestler, H.A., Kuhl, M., 2011. Generating a Wnt switch: It’s all
about the right dosage. J Cell Biol 193, 431–433.
Kim, G.H., Han, J.K., 2005. JNK and ROKalpha function in the
noncanonical Wnt/RhoA signaling pathway to regulate
Xenopus convergent extension movements. Dev Dyn 232,
958–968.
Kjolby, R.A.S., Truchado-Garcia, M., Iruvanti, S., Harland, R.M.,
2019. Integration of Wnt and FGF signaling in the Xenopus
gastrula at TCF and Ets binding sites shows the importance
of short-range repression by TCF in patterning the marginal
zone. Development 146.