42
Xenopus
Weaver, C., Kimelman, D., 2004. Move it or lose it: Axis specif cation in Xenopus. Development 131, 3491–3499.
Weeks, D.L., Melton, D.A., 1987. A maternal mRNA localized to
the vegetal hemisphere in Xenopus eggs codes for a growth
factor related to TGF-beta. Cell 51, 861–867.
Weidinger, G., Stebler, J., Slanchev, K., Dumstrei, K., Wise, C.,
Lovell-Badge, R., Thisse, C., Thisse, B., Raz, E., 2003. Dead
end, a novel vertebrate germ plasm component, is required
for zebrafsh primordial germ cell migration and survival.
Current Biology 13, 1429–1434.
Weinstein, D.C., Hemmati-Brivanlou, A., 1999. Neural induction.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Bi 15, 411–433.
Wessely, O., Robertis, E.M.D., 2000. The Xenopus homologue of
Bicaudal-C is a localized maternal mRNA that can induce
endoderm formation. Development 127, 2053–2062.
Wilson, E., 1928. The Cell in Development and Heredity (Third
Edition, with corrections. ed., The Macmillian Company).
New York: The Macmillian Company.
Woolf, T.M., Jennings, C.G., Rebagliati, M., Melton, D.A., 1990.
The stability, toxicity and effectiveness of unmodif ed
and phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in
Xenopus oocytes and embryos. Nucleic Acids Research 18,
1763–1769.
Woolf, T.M., Melton, D.A., Jennings, C.G., 1992. Specif city
of antisense oligonucleotides in vivo. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America 89, 7305–7309.
Wylie, C.C., Holwill, S., O’Driscoll, M., Snape, A., Heasman, J.,
1985. Germ plasm and germ cell determination in Xenopus
laevis as studied by cell transplantation analysis. Cold Spring
Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 50, 37–43.
Wylie, C.C., Kofron, M., Payne, C., Anderson, R., Hosobuchi,
M., Joseph, E., Heasman, J., 1996. Maternal beta-catenin
establishes a “dorsal signal” in early Xenopus embryos.
Development 122, 2987–2996.
Xanthos, J.B., Kofron, M., Tao, Q., Schaible, K., Wylie, C.C.,
Heasman, J., 2002. The roles of three signaling pathways
in the formation and function of the Spemann organizer.
Development 129, 4027–4043.
Xanthos, J.B., Kofron, M., Wylie, C.C., Heasman, J., 2001.
Maternal VegT is the initiator of a molecular network
specifying endoderm in Xenopus laevis. Development 128,
167–180.
Xu, S., Cheng, F., Liang, J., Wu, W., Zhang, J., 2012. Maternal
xNorrin, a canonical Wnt signaling agonist and TGF-β antagonist, controls early neuroectoderm specifcation in Xenopus.
PLoS Biology 10, e1001286.
Yamaguchi, T., Taguchi, A., Watanabe, K., Orii, H. 2013. DEADSouth protein localizes to germ plasm and is required for
the development of primordial germ cells in Xenopus laevis.
Biology Open 2, 191.
Yan, L., Chen, J., Zhu, X., Sun, J., Wu, X., Shen, W., Zhang, W.,
Tao, Q., Meng, A. 2018. Maternal Huluwa dictates the embryonic body axis through β-catenin in vertebrates. Science 362,
eaat1045.
Yang, J., Tan, C., Darken, R.S., Wilson, P.A., Klein, P.S. 2002.
Beta-catenin/Tcf-regulated transcription prior to the midblastula transition. Development 129, 5743–5752.
Yost, C., Farr, G.H., Pierce, S.B., Ferkey, D.M., Chen, M.M.,
Kimelman, D., 1998. GBP, an inhibitor of GSK-3, is implicated
in Xenopus development and oncogenesis. Cell 93, 1031–1041.
Zaret, K.S., Carroll, J.S., 2011. Pioneer transcription factors:
Establishing competence for gene expression. Gene Dev 25,
2227–2241.
Zearfoss, N.R., Chan, A.P., Wu, C.F., Kloc, M., Etkin, L.D., 2004.
Hermes is a localized factor regulating cleavage of vegetal
blastomeres in Xenopus laevis. Developmental Biology 267,
60–71.
Zhang, C., Basta, T., Jensen, E.D., Klymkowsky, M.W., 2003. The
beta-catenin/VegT-regulated early zygotic gene Xnr5 is a direct
target of SOX3 regulation. Development 130, 5609–5624.
Zhang, C., Klymkowsky, M.W., 2007. The Sox axis, Nodal
signaling, and germ layer specif cation. Differentiation 75,
536–545.
Zhang, J., Houston, D.W., King, M.L., Payne, C., Wylie, C.C.,
Heasman, J., 1998. The role of maternal VegT in establishing the primary germ layers in Xenopus embryos. Cell 94,
515–524.
Zhang, J., King, M.L., 1996. Xenopus VegT RNA is localized to
the vegetal cortex during oogenesis and encodes a novel
T-box transcription factor involved in mesodermal patterning. Development 122, 4119–4129.
Zhang, Y., Cooke, A., Park, S., Dewey, C.N., Wickens, M., Sheets,
M.D., 2013. Bicaudal-C spatially controls translation of vertebrate maternal mRNAs. RNA 19, 1575–1582.
Zhou, X., Lin, Y., Kato, M., Mori, E., Liszczak, G., Sutherland,
L., Sysoev, V.O., Murray, D.T., Tycko, R., McKnight, S.L.,
2021. Transiently structured head domains control intermediate flament assembly. Proc National Acad Sci 118,
e2022121118.
Zhou, Y., King, M.L., 1996a. Localization of Xcat-2 RNA, a putative germ plasm component, to the mitochondrial cloud in
Xenopus stage I oocytes. Development 122, 2947–2953.
Zhou, Y., King, M.L., 1996b. RNA transport to the vegetal cortex
of Xenopus oocytes. Developmental Biology 179, 173–183.
Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., King, M.L., 2004. Polarized distribution of
mRNAs encoding a putative LDL receptor adaptor protein, xARH (autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia) in
Xenopus oocytes. Mechanisms of Development 121, 1249–
1258.
Zhu, M., Zernicka-Goetz, M., 2020. Principles of self-organization
of the mammalian embryo. Cell 183, 1467–1478.
Zorn, A.M., Barish, G.D., Williams, B.O., Lavender, P., Klymkowsky,
M.W., Varmus, H.E., 1999. Regulation of Wnt signaling by
Sox proteins XSox17α/β and XSox3 physically interact with
β-catenin. Mol Cell 4, 487–498.
Züst, B., Dixon, K., 1975. The effect of u.v. irradiation of the vegetal
pole of Xenopus laevis eggs on the presumptive primordial
germ cells. The Journal of Embryology and Experimental
Morphology 34, 209–220.
Xenopus
Weaver, C., Kimelman, D., 2004. Move it or lose it: Axis specif cation in Xenopus. Development 131, 3491–3499.
Weeks, D.L., Melton, D.A., 1987. A maternal mRNA localized to
the vegetal hemisphere in Xenopus eggs codes for a growth
factor related to TGF-beta. Cell 51, 861–867.
Weidinger, G., Stebler, J., Slanchev, K., Dumstrei, K., Wise, C.,
Lovell-Badge, R., Thisse, C., Thisse, B., Raz, E., 2003. Dead
end, a novel vertebrate germ plasm component, is required
for zebrafsh primordial germ cell migration and survival.
Current Biology 13, 1429–1434.
Weinstein, D.C., Hemmati-Brivanlou, A., 1999. Neural induction.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Bi 15, 411–433.
Wessely, O., Robertis, E.M.D., 2000. The Xenopus homologue of
Bicaudal-C is a localized maternal mRNA that can induce
endoderm formation. Development 127, 2053–2062.
Wilson, E., 1928. The Cell in Development and Heredity (Third
Edition, with corrections. ed., The Macmillian Company).
New York: The Macmillian Company.
Woolf, T.M., Jennings, C.G., Rebagliati, M., Melton, D.A., 1990.
The stability, toxicity and effectiveness of unmodif ed
and phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in
Xenopus oocytes and embryos. Nucleic Acids Research 18,
1763–1769.
Woolf, T.M., Melton, D.A., Jennings, C.G., 1992. Specif city
of antisense oligonucleotides in vivo. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America 89, 7305–7309.
Wylie, C.C., Holwill, S., O’Driscoll, M., Snape, A., Heasman, J.,
1985. Germ plasm and germ cell determination in Xenopus
laevis as studied by cell transplantation analysis. Cold Spring
Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 50, 37–43.
Wylie, C.C., Kofron, M., Payne, C., Anderson, R., Hosobuchi,
M., Joseph, E., Heasman, J., 1996. Maternal beta-catenin
establishes a “dorsal signal” in early Xenopus embryos.
Development 122, 2987–2996.
Xanthos, J.B., Kofron, M., Tao, Q., Schaible, K., Wylie, C.C.,
Heasman, J., 2002. The roles of three signaling pathways
in the formation and function of the Spemann organizer.
Development 129, 4027–4043.
Xanthos, J.B., Kofron, M., Wylie, C.C., Heasman, J., 2001.
Maternal VegT is the initiator of a molecular network
specifying endoderm in Xenopus laevis. Development 128,
167–180.
Xu, S., Cheng, F., Liang, J., Wu, W., Zhang, J., 2012. Maternal
xNorrin, a canonical Wnt signaling agonist and TGF-β antagonist, controls early neuroectoderm specifcation in Xenopus.
PLoS Biology 10, e1001286.
Yamaguchi, T., Taguchi, A., Watanabe, K., Orii, H. 2013. DEADSouth protein localizes to germ plasm and is required for
the development of primordial germ cells in Xenopus laevis.
Biology Open 2, 191.
Yan, L., Chen, J., Zhu, X., Sun, J., Wu, X., Shen, W., Zhang, W.,
Tao, Q., Meng, A. 2018. Maternal Huluwa dictates the embryonic body axis through β-catenin in vertebrates. Science 362,
eaat1045.
Yang, J., Tan, C., Darken, R.S., Wilson, P.A., Klein, P.S. 2002.
Beta-catenin/Tcf-regulated transcription prior to the midblastula transition. Development 129, 5743–5752.
Yost, C., Farr, G.H., Pierce, S.B., Ferkey, D.M., Chen, M.M.,
Kimelman, D., 1998. GBP, an inhibitor of GSK-3, is implicated
in Xenopus development and oncogenesis. Cell 93, 1031–1041.
Zaret, K.S., Carroll, J.S., 2011. Pioneer transcription factors:
Establishing competence for gene expression. Gene Dev 25,
2227–2241.
Zearfoss, N.R., Chan, A.P., Wu, C.F., Kloc, M., Etkin, L.D., 2004.
Hermes is a localized factor regulating cleavage of vegetal
blastomeres in Xenopus laevis. Developmental Biology 267,
60–71.
Zhang, C., Basta, T., Jensen, E.D., Klymkowsky, M.W., 2003. The
beta-catenin/VegT-regulated early zygotic gene Xnr5 is a direct
target of SOX3 regulation. Development 130, 5609–5624.
Zhang, C., Klymkowsky, M.W., 2007. The Sox axis, Nodal
signaling, and germ layer specif cation. Differentiation 75,
536–545.
Zhang, J., Houston, D.W., King, M.L., Payne, C., Wylie, C.C.,
Heasman, J., 1998. The role of maternal VegT in establishing the primary germ layers in Xenopus embryos. Cell 94,
515–524.
Zhang, J., King, M.L., 1996. Xenopus VegT RNA is localized to
the vegetal cortex during oogenesis and encodes a novel
T-box transcription factor involved in mesodermal patterning. Development 122, 4119–4129.
Zhang, Y., Cooke, A., Park, S., Dewey, C.N., Wickens, M., Sheets,
M.D., 2013. Bicaudal-C spatially controls translation of vertebrate maternal mRNAs. RNA 19, 1575–1582.
Zhou, X., Lin, Y., Kato, M., Mori, E., Liszczak, G., Sutherland,
L., Sysoev, V.O., Murray, D.T., Tycko, R., McKnight, S.L.,
2021. Transiently structured head domains control intermediate flament assembly. Proc National Acad Sci 118,
e2022121118.
Zhou, Y., King, M.L., 1996a. Localization of Xcat-2 RNA, a putative germ plasm component, to the mitochondrial cloud in
Xenopus stage I oocytes. Development 122, 2947–2953.
Zhou, Y., King, M.L., 1996b. RNA transport to the vegetal cortex
of Xenopus oocytes. Developmental Biology 179, 173–183.
Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., King, M.L., 2004. Polarized distribution of
mRNAs encoding a putative LDL receptor adaptor protein, xARH (autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia) in
Xenopus oocytes. Mechanisms of Development 121, 1249–
1258.
Zhu, M., Zernicka-Goetz, M., 2020. Principles of self-organization
of the mammalian embryo. Cell 183, 1467–1478.
Zorn, A.M., Barish, G.D., Williams, B.O., Lavender, P., Klymkowsky,
M.W., Varmus, H.E., 1999. Regulation of Wnt signaling by
Sox proteins XSox17α/β and XSox3 physically interact with
β-catenin. Mol Cell 4, 487–498.
Züst, B., Dixon, K., 1975. The effect of u.v. irradiation of the vegetal
pole of Xenopus laevis eggs on the presumptive primordial
germ cells. The Journal of Embryology and Experimental
Morphology 34, 209–220.