36
Xenopus
chez la Grenouille rousse. The Journal of Embryology and
Experimental Morphology 2, 245–263.
Brenner, S., Jacob, F., Meselson, M., 1961. An unstable intermediate carrying information from genes to ribosomes for protein
synthesis. Nature 190, 576–581.
Brun, R.B., 1975. Oocyte maturation in vitro: Contribution of the
oviduct to total maturation in Xenopus laevis. Experientia 31,
1275–1276.
Bucay, N., Yebra, M., Cirulli, V., Afrikanova, I., Kaido, T., Hayek,
A., Montgomery, A.M.P., 2009. A novel approach for the
derivation of putative primordial germ cells and sertoli cells
from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 27, 68–77.
Butler, A.M., Owens, D.A., Wang, L., King, M.L., 2018. A novel
role for sox7 in Xenopus early primordial germ cell development: Mining the PGC transcriptome. Development 145,
dev.155978.
Cabral, S.E., Mowry, K.L., 2020. Chapter four organizing the
oocyte: RNA localization meets phase separation. Curr Top
Dev Biol 140, 87–118.
Cao, Y., Siegel, D., Knöchel, W., 2006. Xenopus POU factors of
subclass V inhibit activin/nodal signaling during gastrulation. Mechanisms of Development 123, 614–625.
Capco, D.G., Jeffery, W.R., 1981. Regional accumulation of vegetal pole poly(A)+ RNA injected into fertilized Xenopus eggs.
Nature 294, 255–257.
Capco, D.G., Jeffery, W.R., 1979. Origin and spatial distribution
of maternal messenger RNA during oogenesis of an insect,
Oncopeltus fasciatus. J Cell Sci 39, 63–76.
Carpenter, C.D., Klein, W.H., 1982. A gradient of poly(A)+ RNA
sequences in Xenopus laevis eggs and embryos. Dev Biol 91,
43–49.
Casey, E., Tada, M., Fairclough, L., Wylie, C.C., Heasman, J.,
Smith, J., 1999. Bix4 is activated directly by VegT and
mediates endoderm formation in Xenopus development.
Development 126, 4193–4200.
Cazenave, C., Chevrier, M., Nguyen, T.T., Hélène, C., 1987. Rate
of degradation of [alpha]- and [beta]-oligodeoxynucleotides
in Xenopus oocytes: Implications for anti-messenger strategies. Nucleic Acids Research 15, 10507–10521.
Cha, S.-W., McAdams, M., Kormish, J., Wylie, C., Kofron, M.,
2012. Foxi2 is an animally localized maternal mRNA in
Xenopus, and an activator of the zygotic ectoderm activator
foxi1e. PLoS One 7, e41782.
Chan, A.P., Kloc, M., Etkin, L.D., 1999. Fatvg encodes a new
localized RNA that uses a 25-nucleotide element (FVLE1)
to localize to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes.
Development 126, 4943–4953.
Chan, A.P., Kloc, M., Larabell, C.A., LeGros, M., Etkin, L.D.,
2007. The maternally localized RNA fatvg is required for
cortical rotation and germ cell formation. Mechanisms of
Development 124, 350–363.
Chang, P., Torres, J., Lewis, R.A., Mowry, K.L., Houliston, E.,
King, M.L., 2004. Localization of RNAs to the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus oocytes through entrapment and
association with endoplasmic reticulum. Molecular Biology
of the Cell 15, 4669–4681.
Charney, R.M., Forouzmand, E., Cho, J.S., Cheung, J., Paraiso, K.D.,
Yasuoka, Y., Takahashi, S., Taira, M., Blitz, I.L., Xie, X., Cho,
K.W.Y., 2017. Foxh1 occupies cis-regulatory modules prior
to dynamic transcription factor interactions controlling the
mesendoderm gene program. Dev Cell 40, 595–607.e4.
Chiu, W.T., Le, R.C., Blitz, I.L., Fish, M.B., Li, Y., Biesinger, J.,
Xie, X., Cho, K.W.Y., 2014. Genome-wide view of TGFβ/
Foxh1 regulation of the early mesendoderm program.
Development 141, 4537–4547.
Claussen, M., Horvay, K., Pieler, T., 2004. Evidence for overlapping, but not identical, protein machineries operating in
vegetal RNA localization along early and late pathways in
Xenopus oocytes. Development 131, 4263–4273.
Claussen, M., Lingner, T., Pommerenke, C., Opitz, L., Salinas, G.,
Pieler, T., 2015. Global analysis of asymmetric RNA enrichment in oocytes reveals low conservation between closely
related Xenopus species. Molecular Biology of the Cell 26,
3777–3787.
Claussen, M., Pieler, T., 2004. Xvelo1 uses a novel 75-nucleotide
signal sequence that drives vegetal localization along the late
pathway in Xenopus oocytes. Developmental Biology 266,
270–284.
Clements, D., Friday, R.V., Woodland, H.R., 1999. Mode of action
of VegT in mesoderm and endoderm formation. Dev Camb
Engl 126, 4903–4911.
Clements, D., Woodland, H.R., 2003. VegT induces endoderm by
a self-limiting mechanism and by changing the competence
of cells to respond to TGF-β signals. Dev Biol 258, 454–463.
Collart, C., Owens, N.D.L., Bhaw-Rosun, L., Cooper, B.,
Domenico, E.D., Patrushev, I., Sesay, A.K., Smith, J.N.,
Smith, J.C., Gilchrist, M.J., 2014. High-resolution analysis
of gene activity during the Xenopus mid-blastula transition.
Development 141, 1927–1939.
Colozza, G., Robertis, E.M.D., 2014. Maternal syntabulin is
required for dorsal axis formation and is a germ plasm component in Xenopus. Differentiation 88, 17–26.
Constam, D.B., 2009. Riding shotgun: A dual role for the epidermal growth factor-cripto/FRL-1/cryptic protein cripto in
nodal traff cking. Traff c 10, 783–791.
Cuykendall, T. N. & Houston, D. W. 2010. Identifcation of germ
plasm-associated transcripts by microarray analysis of
Xenopus vegetal cortex RNA. Developmental dynamics 239,
1838–1848.
Cuykendall, T.N., Houston, D.W., 2009. Vegetally localized
Xenopus trim36 regulates cortical rotation and dorsal axis
formation. Development 136, 3057–3065.
Czołowska, R., 1972. The fne structure of the “germinal cytoplasm” in the egg of Xenopus laevis. Development Genes and
Evolution 169, 335–344.
Czołowska, R., 1969. Observations on the origin of the germinal
cytoplasm in Xenopus laevis. Development 22, 229–251.
Dale, L., Slack, J., 1987. Regional specifcation within the
mesoderm of early embryos of Xenopus laevis. Development
100, 279–295.
Dale, L., Smith, J.C., Slack, J.M., 1985. Mesoderm induction in
Xenopus laevis: A quantitative study using a cell lineage
label and tissue-specifc antibodies. Journal of Embryology
and Experimental Morphology 89, 289–312.
Darnell, J.E., Wall, R., Tushinski, R.J., 1971. An adenylic acid-rich
sequence in messenger RNA of HeLa cells and its possible
relationship to reiterated sites in DNA. Proc National Acad
Sci 68, 1321–1325.
Dash, P., Lotan, I., Knapp, M., Kandel, E.R., Goelet, P., 1987.
Selective elimination of mRNAs in vivo: Complementary
oligodeoxynucleotides promote RNA degradation by
an RNase H-like activity. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84,
7896–7900.
Davidson, E.H., 1986. Gene Activity in Early Development (Third
Edition). San Diego: Academic Press.
Davidson, E.H., Britten, R.J., 1971. Note on the control of gene
expression during development. J Theor Biol 32, 123–130.
Davidson, E.H., Crippa, M., Kramer, F.R., Mirsky, A.E., 1966.
Genomic function during the lampbrush chromosome
Xenopus
chez la Grenouille rousse. The Journal of Embryology and
Experimental Morphology 2, 245–263.
Brenner, S., Jacob, F., Meselson, M., 1961. An unstable intermediate carrying information from genes to ribosomes for protein
synthesis. Nature 190, 576–581.
Brun, R.B., 1975. Oocyte maturation in vitro: Contribution of the
oviduct to total maturation in Xenopus laevis. Experientia 31,
1275–1276.
Bucay, N., Yebra, M., Cirulli, V., Afrikanova, I., Kaido, T., Hayek,
A., Montgomery, A.M.P., 2009. A novel approach for the
derivation of putative primordial germ cells and sertoli cells
from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 27, 68–77.
Butler, A.M., Owens, D.A., Wang, L., King, M.L., 2018. A novel
role for sox7 in Xenopus early primordial germ cell development: Mining the PGC transcriptome. Development 145,
dev.155978.
Cabral, S.E., Mowry, K.L., 2020. Chapter four organizing the
oocyte: RNA localization meets phase separation. Curr Top
Dev Biol 140, 87–118.
Cao, Y., Siegel, D., Knöchel, W., 2006. Xenopus POU factors of
subclass V inhibit activin/nodal signaling during gastrulation. Mechanisms of Development 123, 614–625.
Capco, D.G., Jeffery, W.R., 1981. Regional accumulation of vegetal pole poly(A)+ RNA injected into fertilized Xenopus eggs.
Nature 294, 255–257.
Capco, D.G., Jeffery, W.R., 1979. Origin and spatial distribution
of maternal messenger RNA during oogenesis of an insect,
Oncopeltus fasciatus. J Cell Sci 39, 63–76.
Carpenter, C.D., Klein, W.H., 1982. A gradient of poly(A)+ RNA
sequences in Xenopus laevis eggs and embryos. Dev Biol 91,
43–49.
Casey, E., Tada, M., Fairclough, L., Wylie, C.C., Heasman, J.,
Smith, J., 1999. Bix4 is activated directly by VegT and
mediates endoderm formation in Xenopus development.
Development 126, 4193–4200.
Cazenave, C., Chevrier, M., Nguyen, T.T., Hélène, C., 1987. Rate
of degradation of [alpha]- and [beta]-oligodeoxynucleotides
in Xenopus oocytes: Implications for anti-messenger strategies. Nucleic Acids Research 15, 10507–10521.
Cha, S.-W., McAdams, M., Kormish, J., Wylie, C., Kofron, M.,
2012. Foxi2 is an animally localized maternal mRNA in
Xenopus, and an activator of the zygotic ectoderm activator
foxi1e. PLoS One 7, e41782.
Chan, A.P., Kloc, M., Etkin, L.D., 1999. Fatvg encodes a new
localized RNA that uses a 25-nucleotide element (FVLE1)
to localize to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes.
Development 126, 4943–4953.
Chan, A.P., Kloc, M., Larabell, C.A., LeGros, M., Etkin, L.D.,
2007. The maternally localized RNA fatvg is required for
cortical rotation and germ cell formation. Mechanisms of
Development 124, 350–363.
Chang, P., Torres, J., Lewis, R.A., Mowry, K.L., Houliston, E.,
King, M.L., 2004. Localization of RNAs to the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus oocytes through entrapment and
association with endoplasmic reticulum. Molecular Biology
of the Cell 15, 4669–4681.
Charney, R.M., Forouzmand, E., Cho, J.S., Cheung, J., Paraiso, K.D.,
Yasuoka, Y., Takahashi, S., Taira, M., Blitz, I.L., Xie, X., Cho,
K.W.Y., 2017. Foxh1 occupies cis-regulatory modules prior
to dynamic transcription factor interactions controlling the
mesendoderm gene program. Dev Cell 40, 595–607.e4.
Chiu, W.T., Le, R.C., Blitz, I.L., Fish, M.B., Li, Y., Biesinger, J.,
Xie, X., Cho, K.W.Y., 2014. Genome-wide view of TGFβ/
Foxh1 regulation of the early mesendoderm program.
Development 141, 4537–4547.
Claussen, M., Horvay, K., Pieler, T., 2004. Evidence for overlapping, but not identical, protein machineries operating in
vegetal RNA localization along early and late pathways in
Xenopus oocytes. Development 131, 4263–4273.
Claussen, M., Lingner, T., Pommerenke, C., Opitz, L., Salinas, G.,
Pieler, T., 2015. Global analysis of asymmetric RNA enrichment in oocytes reveals low conservation between closely
related Xenopus species. Molecular Biology of the Cell 26,
3777–3787.
Claussen, M., Pieler, T., 2004. Xvelo1 uses a novel 75-nucleotide
signal sequence that drives vegetal localization along the late
pathway in Xenopus oocytes. Developmental Biology 266,
270–284.
Clements, D., Friday, R.V., Woodland, H.R., 1999. Mode of action
of VegT in mesoderm and endoderm formation. Dev Camb
Engl 126, 4903–4911.
Clements, D., Woodland, H.R., 2003. VegT induces endoderm by
a self-limiting mechanism and by changing the competence
of cells to respond to TGF-β signals. Dev Biol 258, 454–463.
Collart, C., Owens, N.D.L., Bhaw-Rosun, L., Cooper, B.,
Domenico, E.D., Patrushev, I., Sesay, A.K., Smith, J.N.,
Smith, J.C., Gilchrist, M.J., 2014. High-resolution analysis
of gene activity during the Xenopus mid-blastula transition.
Development 141, 1927–1939.
Colozza, G., Robertis, E.M.D., 2014. Maternal syntabulin is
required for dorsal axis formation and is a germ plasm component in Xenopus. Differentiation 88, 17–26.
Constam, D.B., 2009. Riding shotgun: A dual role for the epidermal growth factor-cripto/FRL-1/cryptic protein cripto in
nodal traff cking. Traff c 10, 783–791.
Cuykendall, T. N. & Houston, D. W. 2010. Identifcation of germ
plasm-associated transcripts by microarray analysis of
Xenopus vegetal cortex RNA. Developmental dynamics 239,
1838–1848.
Cuykendall, T.N., Houston, D.W., 2009. Vegetally localized
Xenopus trim36 regulates cortical rotation and dorsal axis
formation. Development 136, 3057–3065.
Czołowska, R., 1972. The fne structure of the “germinal cytoplasm” in the egg of Xenopus laevis. Development Genes and
Evolution 169, 335–344.
Czołowska, R., 1969. Observations on the origin of the germinal
cytoplasm in Xenopus laevis. Development 22, 229–251.
Dale, L., Slack, J., 1987. Regional specifcation within the
mesoderm of early embryos of Xenopus laevis. Development
100, 279–295.
Dale, L., Smith, J.C., Slack, J.M., 1985. Mesoderm induction in
Xenopus laevis: A quantitative study using a cell lineage
label and tissue-specifc antibodies. Journal of Embryology
and Experimental Morphology 89, 289–312.
Darnell, J.E., Wall, R., Tushinski, R.J., 1971. An adenylic acid-rich
sequence in messenger RNA of HeLa cells and its possible
relationship to reiterated sites in DNA. Proc National Acad
Sci 68, 1321–1325.
Dash, P., Lotan, I., Knapp, M., Kandel, E.R., Goelet, P., 1987.
Selective elimination of mRNAs in vivo: Complementary
oligodeoxynucleotides promote RNA degradation by
an RNase H-like activity. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84,
7896–7900.
Davidson, E.H., 1986. Gene Activity in Early Development (Third
Edition). San Diego: Academic Press.
Davidson, E.H., Britten, R.J., 1971. Note on the control of gene
expression during development. J Theor Biol 32, 123–130.
Davidson, E.H., Crippa, M., Kramer, F.R., Mirsky, A.E., 1966.
Genomic function during the lampbrush chromosome