24
Xenopus
Rankin, S., Kirschner, M.W., 1997. The surface contraction waves
of Xenopus eggs refect the metachronous cell-cycle state of
the cytoplasm. Curr Biol 7, 451–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0960-9822(06)00192-8
Rao, P.N., Johnson, R.T., 1970. Mammalian cell fusion: Studies
on the regulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis. Nature 225,
159–164. https://doi.org/10.1038/225159a0
Romanowski, P., Madine, M.A., Rowles, A., Blow, J.J., Laskey, R.A.,
1996. The Xenopus origin recognition complex is essential for
DNA replication and MCM binding to chromatin. Curr Biol 6,
1416–1425. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(96)00746-4
Rowles, A., Chong, J.P.J., Brown, L., Howell, M., Evan, G.I., Blow,
J.J., 1996. Interaction between the origin recognition complex and the replication licensing system in Xenopus. Cell 87,
287–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81346-x
Sha, W., Moore, J., Chen, K., Lassaletta, A.D., Yi, C.-S., Tyson,
J.J., Sible, J.C., 2003. Hysteresis drives cell-cycle transitions
in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Proc National Acad Sci 100,
975–980. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0235349100
Silva, E.M.L. da, Rankin, S., 2018. Chromosome cohesion and
condensation in Xenopus egg extracts. Cold Spring Harbor
Protocols 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot097121
Silva, T., Bradley, R.H., Gao, Y., Coue, M., 2006. Xenopus CDC7/
DRF1 complex is required for the initiation of DNA replication. J Biol Chem 281, 11569–11576. https://doi.org/10.1074/
jbc.m510278200
Smith, L.D., Ecker, R.E., 1971. The interaction of steroids with
Rana pipiens oocytes in the induction of maturation. Dev Biol
25, 232–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(71)90029-7
Smythe, C., Newport, J.W., 1992. Coupling of mitosis to the completion of S phase in Xenopus occurs via modulation of the
tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates p34cdc2. Cell 68, 787–
797. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(92)90153-4
Solomon, M.J., Glotzer, M., Lee, T.H., Philippe, M., Kirschner,
M.W., 1990. Cyclin activation of p34cdc2. Cell 63, 1013–
1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(90)90504-8
Song, J., Lafont, A., Chen, J., Wu, F.M., Shirahige, K., Rankin, S.,
2012. Cohesin acetylation promotes sister chromatid cohesion only in association with the replication machinery.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, 34325–34336. https://
doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.400192
Sparks, J.L., Chistol, G., Gao, A.O., Räschle, M., Larsen, N.B.,
Mann, M., Duxin, J.P., Walter, J.C., 2019. The CMG helicase
bypasses DNA-protein cross-links to facilitate their repair. Cell
176, 167–181.e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.053
Strausfeld, U.P., Howell, M., Descombes, P., Chevalier, S., Rempel,
R.E., Adamczewski, J., Maller, J.L., Hunt, T., Blow, J.J., 1996.
Both cyclin A and cyclin E have S-phase promoting (SPF) activity in Xenopus egg extracts. J Cell Sci 109 (Pt 6), 1555–1563.
Stukenberg, P., Lustig, K., McGarry, T., King, R., Kuang, J.,
Kirschner, M., 1997. Systematic identifcation of mitotic
phosphoproteins. Current Biology: CB 7, 338–348.
Su, J.Y., Rempel, R.E., Erikson, E., Maller, J.L., 1995. Cloning
and characterization of the Xenopus cyclin-dependent kinase
inhibitor p27XIC1. Proc National Acad Sci 92, 10187–
10191. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.22.10187
Sudakin, V., Ganoth, D., Dahan, A., Heller, H., Hershko, J., Luca,
F., Ruderman, J., Hershko, A., 1995. The cyclosome, a large
complex containing cyclin-selective ubiquitin ligase activity,
targets cyclins for destruction at the end of mitosis. Mol Biol
Cell 6, 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.6.2.185
Takahashi, T.S., Basu, A., Bermudez, V., Hurwitz, J., Walter, J.C.,
2008. Cdc7-Drf1 kinase links chromosome cohesion to
the initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts.
Genes & Dev. 22, 1894–1905. https://doi.org/10.1101/
gad.1683308
Takahashi, T.S., Walter, J.C., 2005. Cdc7: Drf1 is a developmentally regulated protein kinase required for the initiation of
vertebrate DNA replication. Gene Dev 19, 2295–2300.
https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1339805
Takahashi, T.S., Yiu, P., Chou, M.F., Gygi, S., Walter, J.C., 2004.
Recruitment of Xenopus Scc2 and cohesin to chromatin
requires the pre-replication complex. Nature Cell Biology 6,
991–996. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1177
Teixeira, L.K., Reed, S.I., 2018. DNA replication, from old principles to new discoveries. Adv Exp Med Biol 1042, 527–547.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_22
Tung, J.J., Hansen, D.V., Ban, K.H., Loktev, A.V., Summers, M.K.,
Adler, J.R., Jackson, P.K., 2005. A role for the anaphasepromoting complex inhibitor Emi2/XErp1, a homolog
of early mitotic inhibitor 1, in cytostatic factor arrest of
Xenopus eggs. P Natl Acad Sci Usa 102, 4318–4323. https://
doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501108102
Tunquist, B.J., Maller, J.L., 2003. Under arrest: Cytostatic factor (CSF)-mediated metaphase arrest in vertebrate eggs.
Genes & Development 17, 683–710. https://doi.org/10.1101/
gad.1071303
Walter, J., Newport, J.W., 1997. Regulation of replicon size in
Xenopus egg extracts. Science 275, 993–995. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.275.5302.993
Walter, J., Sun, L., Newport, J., 1998. Regulated chromosomal
DNA replication in the absence of a nucleus. Mol Cell 1,
519–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80052-0
Wohlschlegel, J.A., Dwyer, B.T., Dhar, S.K., Cvetic, C., Walter,
J.C., Dutta, A., 2000. Inhibition of eukaryotic DNA replication by geminin binding to Cdt1. Science 290, 2309–2312.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5500.2309
Yardimci, H., Loveland, A.B., Oijen, A.M. van, Walter, J.C., 2012.
Single-molecule analysis of DNA replication in Xenopus
egg extracts. Methods 57, 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ymeth.2012.03.033
Yew, P.R., Kirschner, M.W., 1997. Proteolysis and DNA replication: The CDC34 requirement in the Xenopus egg cell cycle.
Science 277, 1672–1676. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.
277.5332.1672
You, Z., Bailis, J.M., Johnson, S.A., Dilworth, S.M., Hunter, T.,
2007. Rapid activation of ATM on DNA f anking doublestrand breaks. Nature Cell Biology 9, 1311–1318. https://doi.
org/10.1038/ncb1651
You, Z., Harvey, K., Kong, L., Newport, J., 2002. Xic1 degradation
in Xenopus egg extracts is coupled to initiation of DNA replication. Genes & Development 16, 1182–1194. https://doi.
org/10.1101/gad.985302
Zou, H., McGarry, T.J., Bernal, T., Kirschner, M.W., 1999.
Identifcation of a vertebrate sister-chromatid separation
inhibitor involved in transformation and tumorigenesis.
Science 285, 418–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.
5426.418
Xenopus
Rankin, S., Kirschner, M.W., 1997. The surface contraction waves
of Xenopus eggs refect the metachronous cell-cycle state of
the cytoplasm. Curr Biol 7, 451–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/
s0960-9822(06)00192-8
Rao, P.N., Johnson, R.T., 1970. Mammalian cell fusion: Studies
on the regulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis. Nature 225,
159–164. https://doi.org/10.1038/225159a0
Romanowski, P., Madine, M.A., Rowles, A., Blow, J.J., Laskey, R.A.,
1996. The Xenopus origin recognition complex is essential for
DNA replication and MCM binding to chromatin. Curr Biol 6,
1416–1425. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(96)00746-4
Rowles, A., Chong, J.P.J., Brown, L., Howell, M., Evan, G.I., Blow,
J.J., 1996. Interaction between the origin recognition complex and the replication licensing system in Xenopus. Cell 87,
287–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81346-x
Sha, W., Moore, J., Chen, K., Lassaletta, A.D., Yi, C.-S., Tyson,
J.J., Sible, J.C., 2003. Hysteresis drives cell-cycle transitions
in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Proc National Acad Sci 100,
975–980. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0235349100
Silva, E.M.L. da, Rankin, S., 2018. Chromosome cohesion and
condensation in Xenopus egg extracts. Cold Spring Harbor
Protocols 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot097121
Silva, T., Bradley, R.H., Gao, Y., Coue, M., 2006. Xenopus CDC7/
DRF1 complex is required for the initiation of DNA replication. J Biol Chem 281, 11569–11576. https://doi.org/10.1074/
jbc.m510278200
Smith, L.D., Ecker, R.E., 1971. The interaction of steroids with
Rana pipiens oocytes in the induction of maturation. Dev Biol
25, 232–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(71)90029-7
Smythe, C., Newport, J.W., 1992. Coupling of mitosis to the completion of S phase in Xenopus occurs via modulation of the
tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates p34cdc2. Cell 68, 787–
797. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(92)90153-4
Solomon, M.J., Glotzer, M., Lee, T.H., Philippe, M., Kirschner,
M.W., 1990. Cyclin activation of p34cdc2. Cell 63, 1013–
1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(90)90504-8
Song, J., Lafont, A., Chen, J., Wu, F.M., Shirahige, K., Rankin, S.,
2012. Cohesin acetylation promotes sister chromatid cohesion only in association with the replication machinery.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, 34325–34336. https://
doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.400192
Sparks, J.L., Chistol, G., Gao, A.O., Räschle, M., Larsen, N.B.,
Mann, M., Duxin, J.P., Walter, J.C., 2019. The CMG helicase
bypasses DNA-protein cross-links to facilitate their repair. Cell
176, 167–181.e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.053
Strausfeld, U.P., Howell, M., Descombes, P., Chevalier, S., Rempel,
R.E., Adamczewski, J., Maller, J.L., Hunt, T., Blow, J.J., 1996.
Both cyclin A and cyclin E have S-phase promoting (SPF) activity in Xenopus egg extracts. J Cell Sci 109 (Pt 6), 1555–1563.
Stukenberg, P., Lustig, K., McGarry, T., King, R., Kuang, J.,
Kirschner, M., 1997. Systematic identifcation of mitotic
phosphoproteins. Current Biology: CB 7, 338–348.
Su, J.Y., Rempel, R.E., Erikson, E., Maller, J.L., 1995. Cloning
and characterization of the Xenopus cyclin-dependent kinase
inhibitor p27XIC1. Proc National Acad Sci 92, 10187–
10191. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.22.10187
Sudakin, V., Ganoth, D., Dahan, A., Heller, H., Hershko, J., Luca,
F., Ruderman, J., Hershko, A., 1995. The cyclosome, a large
complex containing cyclin-selective ubiquitin ligase activity,
targets cyclins for destruction at the end of mitosis. Mol Biol
Cell 6, 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.6.2.185
Takahashi, T.S., Basu, A., Bermudez, V., Hurwitz, J., Walter, J.C.,
2008. Cdc7-Drf1 kinase links chromosome cohesion to
the initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts.
Genes & Dev. 22, 1894–1905. https://doi.org/10.1101/
gad.1683308
Takahashi, T.S., Walter, J.C., 2005. Cdc7: Drf1 is a developmentally regulated protein kinase required for the initiation of
vertebrate DNA replication. Gene Dev 19, 2295–2300.
https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1339805
Takahashi, T.S., Yiu, P., Chou, M.F., Gygi, S., Walter, J.C., 2004.
Recruitment of Xenopus Scc2 and cohesin to chromatin
requires the pre-replication complex. Nature Cell Biology 6,
991–996. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1177
Teixeira, L.K., Reed, S.I., 2018. DNA replication, from old principles to new discoveries. Adv Exp Med Biol 1042, 527–547.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_22
Tung, J.J., Hansen, D.V., Ban, K.H., Loktev, A.V., Summers, M.K.,
Adler, J.R., Jackson, P.K., 2005. A role for the anaphasepromoting complex inhibitor Emi2/XErp1, a homolog
of early mitotic inhibitor 1, in cytostatic factor arrest of
Xenopus eggs. P Natl Acad Sci Usa 102, 4318–4323. https://
doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501108102
Tunquist, B.J., Maller, J.L., 2003. Under arrest: Cytostatic factor (CSF)-mediated metaphase arrest in vertebrate eggs.
Genes & Development 17, 683–710. https://doi.org/10.1101/
gad.1071303
Walter, J., Newport, J.W., 1997. Regulation of replicon size in
Xenopus egg extracts. Science 275, 993–995. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.275.5302.993
Walter, J., Sun, L., Newport, J., 1998. Regulated chromosomal
DNA replication in the absence of a nucleus. Mol Cell 1,
519–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80052-0
Wohlschlegel, J.A., Dwyer, B.T., Dhar, S.K., Cvetic, C., Walter,
J.C., Dutta, A., 2000. Inhibition of eukaryotic DNA replication by geminin binding to Cdt1. Science 290, 2309–2312.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5500.2309
Yardimci, H., Loveland, A.B., Oijen, A.M. van, Walter, J.C., 2012.
Single-molecule analysis of DNA replication in Xenopus
egg extracts. Methods 57, 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ymeth.2012.03.033
Yew, P.R., Kirschner, M.W., 1997. Proteolysis and DNA replication: The CDC34 requirement in the Xenopus egg cell cycle.
Science 277, 1672–1676. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.
277.5332.1672
You, Z., Bailis, J.M., Johnson, S.A., Dilworth, S.M., Hunter, T.,
2007. Rapid activation of ATM on DNA f anking doublestrand breaks. Nature Cell Biology 9, 1311–1318. https://doi.
org/10.1038/ncb1651
You, Z., Harvey, K., Kong, L., Newport, J., 2002. Xic1 degradation
in Xenopus egg extracts is coupled to initiation of DNA replication. Genes & Development 16, 1182–1194. https://doi.
org/10.1101/gad.985302
Zou, H., McGarry, T.J., Bernal, T., Kirschner, M.W., 1999.
Identifcation of a vertebrate sister-chromatid separation
inhibitor involved in transformation and tumorigenesis.
Science 285, 418–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.
5426.418