321
Natural Genetic Variation and Disease
Mazabraud, A., Pollet, N., 2007. Exploring nervous system
transcriptomes during embryogenesis and metamorphosis in
Xenopus tropicalis using EST analysis. BMC Genomics 8,
118. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-118
Franek, R., Baloch, A.R., Kaspar, V., Saito, T., Fujimoto, T., Arai,
K., Psenicka, M., 2020. Isogenic lines in f sh: A critical
review. Reviews in Aquaculture 12, 1412–1434.
Gantress, J., Maniero, G.D., Cohen, N., Robert, J., 2003. Development
and characterization of a model system to study amphibian
immune responses to iridoviruses. Virology 311, 254–262.
doi:10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00151-X
Garic, A., Berres, M.E., Smith, S.M., 2014. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing identifes candidate genetic modif ers
of vulnerability to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol.
Clin. Exp. Res. 38, 1874–1882. doi:10.1111/acer.12457
Gascoin, G., Flamant, C., 2013. Long-term outcome in context of
intra uterine growth restriction and/or small for gestational
age newborns. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 42,
911–920. doi:10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.09.014
Gilchrist, M.J., Pollet, N., 2012. Databases of gene expression in
Xenopus development. Methods Mol. Biol. 917, 319–345.
doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-992-1_19
Gilchrist, M.J., Zorn, A.M., Voigt, J., Smith, J.C., Papalopulu, N.,
Amaya, E., 2004. Defning a large set of full-length clones
from a Xenopus tropicalis EST project. Dev. Biol. 271, 498–
516. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.04.023
Grainger, R.M., 2012. Xenopus tropicalis as a model organism for
genetics and genomics: Past, present, and future. Methods
Mol. Biol. 917, 3–15. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-992-1_1
Green, M.L., Singh, A.V., Zhang, Y., Nemeth, K.A., Sulik, K.K.,
Knudsen, T.B., 2007. Reprogramming of genetic networks
during initiation of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Dev. Dyn.
236, 613–631. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21048
Green, R.F., Stoler, J.M., 2007. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B genotype and fetal alcohol syndrome: a HuGE minireview. Am. J.
Obstet. Gynecol. 197, 12–25. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.02.028
Gurugubelli Krishna, R., Vishnu Bhat, B., 2018. Molecular mechanisms of intrauterine growth restriction. J. Matern. Fetal
Neonatal Med. 31, 2634–2640. doi:10.1080/14767058.201
7.1347922
Harrill, A.H., McAllister, K.A., 2017. New rodent population
models may inform human health risk assessment and identifcation of genetic susceptibility to environmental exposures. Environ. Health Perspect. 125, 086002. doi:10.1289/
EHP1274
Hellsten, U., Khokha, M.K., Grammer, T.C., Harland, R.M.,
Richardson, P., Rokhsar, D.S., 2007. Accelerated gene evolution and subfunctionalization in the pseudotetraploid frog
Xenopus laevis.BMC Biol. 5, 31. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-31
Hoperskaya, O.A., 1975. The development of animals homozygous
for a mutation causing periodic albinism (ap) in Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 34, 253–264.
Horb, M., Wlizla, M., Abu-Daya, A., McNamara, S., Gajdasik,
D., Igawa, T., Suzuki, A., Ogino, H., Noble, A., Centre de
Ressource Biologique Xenope team in France, Robert,
J., James-Zorn, C., Guille, M., 2019. Xenopus resources:
Transgenic, inbred and mutant animals, training opportunities, and web-based support. Front. Physiol. 10, 387.
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00387
Hurley, T.D., Edenberg, H.J., 2012. Genes encoding enzymes
involved in ethanol metabolism. Alcohol Res. 34, 339–344.
Igawa, T., Watanabe, A., Suzuki, A., Kashiwagi, A., Kashiwagi,
K., Noble, A., Guille, M., Simpson, D.E., Horb, M.E., Fujii,
T., Sumida, M., 2015. Inbreeding ratio and genetic relationships among strains of the Western clawed frog, Xenopus
tropicalis. PLoS One 10, e0133963. doi:10.1371/journal.
pone.0133963
Imdad, A., Yakoob, M.Y., Siddiqui, S., Bhutta, Z.A., 2011.
Screening and triage of intrauterine growth restriction
(IUGR) in general population and high risk pregnancies:
A systematic review with a focus on reduction of IUGR
related stillbirths. BMC Public Health 11, Suppl 3, S1. doi:
10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S1
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2004.
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.
Nature 431, 931–945. doi:10.1038/nature03001
Johnson, C.M., Lyle, E.A., Omueti, K.O., Stepensky, V.A., Yegin,
O., Alpsoy, E., Hamann, L., Schumann, R.R., Tapping, R.I.,
2007. Cutting edge: A common polymorphism impairs
cell surface traffcking and functional responses of TLR1
but protects against leprosy. J. Immunol. 178, 7520–7524.
doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7520
Johnson, S.L., Africa, D., Horne, S., Postlethwait, J.H., 1995.
Half-tetrad analysis in zebrafsh: Mapping the ros mutation and the centromere of linkage group I. Genetics 139,
1727–1735.
Jönsson, M.E., Garza, R., Johansson, P.A., Jakobsson, J., 2020.
Transposable elements: A common feature of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Trends Genet. 36,
610–623. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2020.05.004
Justice, M.J., Dhillon, P., 2016. Using the mouse to model human
disease: Increasing validity and reproducibility. Dis. Model.
Mech. 9, 101–103. doi:10.1242/dmm.024547
Kälin, R.E., Bänziger-Tobler, N.E., Detmar, M., Brändli, A.W.,
2009. An in vivo chemical library screen in Xenopus tadpoles reveals novel pathways involved in angiogenesis and
lymphangiogenesis. Blood 114, 1110–1122. doi:10.1182/
blood-2009-03-211771
Karki, R., Pandya, D., Elston, R.C., Ferlini, C., 2015. Def ning
“mutation” and “polymorphism” in the era of personal
genomics. BMC Med. Genomics 8, 37. doi:10.1186/s12920015-0115-z
Klein, S.L., Gerhard, D.S., Wagner, L., Richardson, P., Schriml, L.M.,
Sater, A.K., Warren, W.C., McPherson, J.D., 2006. Resources
for genetic and genomic studies of Xenopus. Methods Mol.
Biol. 322, 1–16. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-000-3_1
Kondo, M., Yamamoto, T., Takahashi, S., Taira, M., 2017.
Comprehensive analyses of hox gene expression in Xenopus
laevis embryos and adult tissues. Dev. Growth Differ. 59,
526–539. doi:10.1111/dgd.12382
Kruglyak, L., Nickerson, D.A., 2001. Variation is the spice of life.
Nat. Genet. 27, 234–236. doi:10.1038/85776
Lander, E.S., Linton, L.M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody,
M.C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., Doyle, M.,
FitzHugh, W., Funke, R., Gage, D., Harris, K., Heaford, A.,
Howland, J., Kann, L., Lehoczky, J., LeVine, R., McEwan,
P., McKernan, K., et al., 2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409, 860–921. doi:10.
1038/35057062
Leduc, R.Y.M., Singh, P., McDermid, H.E., 2017. Genetic backgrounds and modifer genes of NTD mouse models: An
opportunity for greater understanding of the multifactorial
etiology of neural tube defects. Birth Defects Res. 109, 140–
152. doi:10.1002/bdra.23554
Leibovich, A., Edri, T., Klein, S.L., Moody, S.A., Fainsod, A.,
2020. Natural size variation among embryos leads to the
corresponding scaling in gene expression. Dev. Biol. 462,
165–179. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.014
Li, Y., Konicki, W.S., Wright, J.T., Suggs, C., Xue, H., Kuehl,
M.A., Kulkarni, A.B., Gibson, C.W., 2013. Mouse genetic
Natural Genetic Variation and Disease
Mazabraud, A., Pollet, N., 2007. Exploring nervous system
transcriptomes during embryogenesis and metamorphosis in
Xenopus tropicalis using EST analysis. BMC Genomics 8,
118. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-118
Franek, R., Baloch, A.R., Kaspar, V., Saito, T., Fujimoto, T., Arai,
K., Psenicka, M., 2020. Isogenic lines in f sh: A critical
review. Reviews in Aquaculture 12, 1412–1434.
Gantress, J., Maniero, G.D., Cohen, N., Robert, J., 2003. Development
and characterization of a model system to study amphibian
immune responses to iridoviruses. Virology 311, 254–262.
doi:10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00151-X
Garic, A., Berres, M.E., Smith, S.M., 2014. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing identifes candidate genetic modif ers
of vulnerability to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol.
Clin. Exp. Res. 38, 1874–1882. doi:10.1111/acer.12457
Gascoin, G., Flamant, C., 2013. Long-term outcome in context of
intra uterine growth restriction and/or small for gestational
age newborns. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 42,
911–920. doi:10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.09.014
Gilchrist, M.J., Pollet, N., 2012. Databases of gene expression in
Xenopus development. Methods Mol. Biol. 917, 319–345.
doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-992-1_19
Gilchrist, M.J., Zorn, A.M., Voigt, J., Smith, J.C., Papalopulu, N.,
Amaya, E., 2004. Defning a large set of full-length clones
from a Xenopus tropicalis EST project. Dev. Biol. 271, 498–
516. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.04.023
Grainger, R.M., 2012. Xenopus tropicalis as a model organism for
genetics and genomics: Past, present, and future. Methods
Mol. Biol. 917, 3–15. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-992-1_1
Green, M.L., Singh, A.V., Zhang, Y., Nemeth, K.A., Sulik, K.K.,
Knudsen, T.B., 2007. Reprogramming of genetic networks
during initiation of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Dev. Dyn.
236, 613–631. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21048
Green, R.F., Stoler, J.M., 2007. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B genotype and fetal alcohol syndrome: a HuGE minireview. Am. J.
Obstet. Gynecol. 197, 12–25. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.02.028
Gurugubelli Krishna, R., Vishnu Bhat, B., 2018. Molecular mechanisms of intrauterine growth restriction. J. Matern. Fetal
Neonatal Med. 31, 2634–2640. doi:10.1080/14767058.201
7.1347922
Harrill, A.H., McAllister, K.A., 2017. New rodent population
models may inform human health risk assessment and identifcation of genetic susceptibility to environmental exposures. Environ. Health Perspect. 125, 086002. doi:10.1289/
EHP1274
Hellsten, U., Khokha, M.K., Grammer, T.C., Harland, R.M.,
Richardson, P., Rokhsar, D.S., 2007. Accelerated gene evolution and subfunctionalization in the pseudotetraploid frog
Xenopus laevis.BMC Biol. 5, 31. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-31
Hoperskaya, O.A., 1975. The development of animals homozygous
for a mutation causing periodic albinism (ap) in Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 34, 253–264.
Horb, M., Wlizla, M., Abu-Daya, A., McNamara, S., Gajdasik,
D., Igawa, T., Suzuki, A., Ogino, H., Noble, A., Centre de
Ressource Biologique Xenope team in France, Robert,
J., James-Zorn, C., Guille, M., 2019. Xenopus resources:
Transgenic, inbred and mutant animals, training opportunities, and web-based support. Front. Physiol. 10, 387.
doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00387
Hurley, T.D., Edenberg, H.J., 2012. Genes encoding enzymes
involved in ethanol metabolism. Alcohol Res. 34, 339–344.
Igawa, T., Watanabe, A., Suzuki, A., Kashiwagi, A., Kashiwagi,
K., Noble, A., Guille, M., Simpson, D.E., Horb, M.E., Fujii,
T., Sumida, M., 2015. Inbreeding ratio and genetic relationships among strains of the Western clawed frog, Xenopus
tropicalis. PLoS One 10, e0133963. doi:10.1371/journal.
pone.0133963
Imdad, A., Yakoob, M.Y., Siddiqui, S., Bhutta, Z.A., 2011.
Screening and triage of intrauterine growth restriction
(IUGR) in general population and high risk pregnancies:
A systematic review with a focus on reduction of IUGR
related stillbirths. BMC Public Health 11, Suppl 3, S1. doi:
10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S1
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2004.
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.
Nature 431, 931–945. doi:10.1038/nature03001
Johnson, C.M., Lyle, E.A., Omueti, K.O., Stepensky, V.A., Yegin,
O., Alpsoy, E., Hamann, L., Schumann, R.R., Tapping, R.I.,
2007. Cutting edge: A common polymorphism impairs
cell surface traffcking and functional responses of TLR1
but protects against leprosy. J. Immunol. 178, 7520–7524.
doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7520
Johnson, S.L., Africa, D., Horne, S., Postlethwait, J.H., 1995.
Half-tetrad analysis in zebrafsh: Mapping the ros mutation and the centromere of linkage group I. Genetics 139,
1727–1735.
Jönsson, M.E., Garza, R., Johansson, P.A., Jakobsson, J., 2020.
Transposable elements: A common feature of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Trends Genet. 36,
610–623. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2020.05.004
Justice, M.J., Dhillon, P., 2016. Using the mouse to model human
disease: Increasing validity and reproducibility. Dis. Model.
Mech. 9, 101–103. doi:10.1242/dmm.024547
Kälin, R.E., Bänziger-Tobler, N.E., Detmar, M., Brändli, A.W.,
2009. An in vivo chemical library screen in Xenopus tadpoles reveals novel pathways involved in angiogenesis and
lymphangiogenesis. Blood 114, 1110–1122. doi:10.1182/
blood-2009-03-211771
Karki, R., Pandya, D., Elston, R.C., Ferlini, C., 2015. Def ning
“mutation” and “polymorphism” in the era of personal
genomics. BMC Med. Genomics 8, 37. doi:10.1186/s12920015-0115-z
Klein, S.L., Gerhard, D.S., Wagner, L., Richardson, P., Schriml, L.M.,
Sater, A.K., Warren, W.C., McPherson, J.D., 2006. Resources
for genetic and genomic studies of Xenopus. Methods Mol.
Biol. 322, 1–16. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-000-3_1
Kondo, M., Yamamoto, T., Takahashi, S., Taira, M., 2017.
Comprehensive analyses of hox gene expression in Xenopus
laevis embryos and adult tissues. Dev. Growth Differ. 59,
526–539. doi:10.1111/dgd.12382
Kruglyak, L., Nickerson, D.A., 2001. Variation is the spice of life.
Nat. Genet. 27, 234–236. doi:10.1038/85776
Lander, E.S., Linton, L.M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody,
M.C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., Doyle, M.,
FitzHugh, W., Funke, R., Gage, D., Harris, K., Heaford, A.,
Howland, J., Kann, L., Lehoczky, J., LeVine, R., McEwan,
P., McKernan, K., et al., 2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409, 860–921. doi:10.
1038/35057062
Leduc, R.Y.M., Singh, P., McDermid, H.E., 2017. Genetic backgrounds and modifer genes of NTD mouse models: An
opportunity for greater understanding of the multifactorial
etiology of neural tube defects. Birth Defects Res. 109, 140–
152. doi:10.1002/bdra.23554
Leibovich, A., Edri, T., Klein, S.L., Moody, S.A., Fainsod, A.,
2020. Natural size variation among embryos leads to the
corresponding scaling in gene expression. Dev. Biol. 462,
165–179. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.014
Li, Y., Konicki, W.S., Wright, J.T., Suggs, C., Xue, H., Kuehl,
M.A., Kulkarni, A.B., Gibson, C.W., 2013. Mouse genetic