11
A Quick History of Xenopus
Deuchar, E.M., and A. Burgess. 1967. Somite segmentation in
amphibian embryos: Is there a transmitted control mechanism? Development. 17:349–358.
Deuchar, E.M., and F. Parker. 1972. A method for time-lapse
cinematography of primitive streak stage rat embryos in
culture. Experientia. 28:374–376.
Elliott, P. 1999. Notable names in medical illustration: A. Kirkpatrick
Maxwell. Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine. 22:
130–131.
Elsdale, T.R., M. Fischberg, and S. Smith. 1958. A mutation that
reduces nucleolar number in Xenopus laevis. Exp Cell Res.
14:642–643.
Engelke, D.R., S.Y. Ng, B.S. Shastry, and R.G. Roeder. 1980.
Specifc interaction of a purifed transcription factor with
an internal control region of 5S RNA genes. Cell. 19:
717–728.
Erlingsson, S.J. 2016. “Enfant terrible”: Lancelot Hogben’s life
and work in the 1920s. Journal of the History of Biology.
49:495–526.
Fedoroff, N.V., and D.D. Brown. 1978. The nucleotide sequence
of oocyte 5S DNA in Xenopus laevis. I: The AT-rich spacer.
Cell. 13:701–716.
Fellows of St Hugh’s College, O. 1980. Elizabeth Marion Baldock
(née Deuchar). St. Hugh’s College Chronicle. 52:35–36.
Fischberg, M., J.B. Gurdon, and T.R. Elsdale. 1958. Nuclear transplantation in Xenopus laevis. Nature. 181:424–424.
Gall, J.G. 1963. Kinetics of deoxyribonuclease action on chromosomes. Nature. 198:36–38.
Gall, J.G. 2003. Harold Garnet Callan. Biogr. Mems Fell. R. Soc.
Lond. 49:107–118.
Gall, J.G. 2006. Through the looking glass. Nat Med . 12:1142–1145.
Gall, J.G., and M.L. Pardue. 1969. Formation and detection of
RNA-DNA hybrid molecules in cytological preparations.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 63:378–383.
Gerhart, J. 1987. The epigenetic nature of vertebrate development:
An interview of Pieter D. Nieuwkoop on the occasion of his
70th birthday. Development. 101:653–657.
Gerhart, J. 1997. In memoriam Pieter D. Nieuwkoop (1917–1996).
Dev Biol. 182:1–4.
Gerhart, J. 1999. Pieter Nieuwkoop’s contributions to the understanding of meso-endoderm induction and neural induction
in chordate development. Int J Dev Biol. 43:605–613.
Gray, J.E. 1864. Notes on the clawed toad (Dactylethra) of Africa.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1864:458–464.
Griffth, E. 1831. A classifed index and synopsis of the Animal
Kingdom Arranged in conformity with its organization by
Baron G. Cuvier with supplementary additions to each order.
Whittaker & Co., London.
Gunn, J. 1939. Xenopus test for pregnancy. British Medical
Journal. 2:580.
Gurdon, J.B. 1960. The developmental capacity of nuclei taken
from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. J
Embryol Exp Morphol. 8:505–526.
Gurdon, J.B. 1962. The developmental capacity of nuclei taken
from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. J
Embryol Exp Morphol. 10:622–640.
Gurdon, J.B. 2008. Sir John Gurdon: Godfather of cloning.
Interviewed by Ruth Williams. J Cell Biol. 181:178–179.
Gurdon, J.B. 2013a. The cloning of a frog. Development.
140:2446–2448.
Gurdon, J.B. 2013b. The egg and the nucleus: A battle for supremacy. Development. 140:2449–2456.
Gurdon, J.B. 2017. Nuclear transplantation, the conservation of
the genome, and prospects for cell replacement. Febs J.
284:211–217.
Gurdon, J.B., S. Brennan, S. Fairman, and T. Mohun. 1984.
Transcription of muscle-specifc actin genes in early Xenopus
development: Nuclear transplantation and cell dissociation.
Cell. 38:691–700.
Gurdon, J.B., T.R. Elsdale, and M. Fischberg. 1958. Sexually
mature individuals of Xenopus laevis from the transplantation of single somatic nuclei. Nature. 182:64–65.
Gurdon, J.B., and N. Hopwood. 2000. The introduction of Xenopus
laevis into developmental biology: Of empire, pregnancy
testing and ribosomal genes. Int J Dev Biol. 44:43–50.
Gurdon, J.B., C.D. Lane, H.R. Woodland, and G. Marbaix. 1971.
Use of frog eggs and oocytes for the study of messenger RNA and its translation in living cells. Nature. 233:
177–182.
Halley-Stott, R.P., V. Pasque, and J. Gurdon. 2013. Nuclear reprogramming. Development. 140:2468–2471.
Hay, E.D., and J.B. Gurdon. 1967. Fine structure of the nucleolus in normal and mutant Xenopus embryos. Journal of Cell
Science. 2:151–162.
Hess, W. 1896. Wagler, Johann Georg. Allgemeine Deutsche
Biographie. 41:776, Accessible here: https://de.wikisource.
org/wiki/ADB:Wagler,_Johann_Georg .
Hogben, L.T. 1930. Some remarks on the relation of the pituitary
gland to ovulation and skin secretion in Xenopus laevis.
Proc. R. Soc. S. Africa, March. 19:1930.
Hogben, L.T. 1998. Lancelot Hogben, scientifc humanist: An
unauthorised autobiography. Merlin Press, Suffolk, UK.
Hogben, L.T., E. Charles, and D. Slome. 1931. Studies on the
pituitary: VIII. The relation of the pituitary gland to calcium
metabolism and ovarian function in Xenopus. Journal of
Experimental Biology. 8:345–354.
Holmes, F.L. 1993. The old martyr of science: The frog in experimental physiology. Journal of the History of Biology.
26:311–328.
Hopkins, F.G. 1926. Obituary: Dr. Edward J. Bles. Nature. 118:90–91.
Huxley, J.S., and L.T. Hogben. 1922. Experiments on amphibian
metamorphosis and pigment responses in relation to internal secretions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:
Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character.
93:36–53.
King, T.J., and R. Briggs. 1954. Transplantation of living nuclei
of late gastrulae into enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens.
Development. 2:73–80.
Laskey, R., and J. Gurdon. 1970. Genetic content of adult somatic
cells tested by nuclear transplantation from cultured cells.
Nature. 228:1332–1334.
Leonelli, S., and R.A. Ankeny. 2013. What makes a model organism? Endeavour. 37:209–212.
Leslie, J.M. 1890. Note on the habits and oviposition of Xenopus
laevis. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1890:69–71.
Lockard, R.E., and J.B. Lingrel. 1969. The synthesis of mouse
hemoglobin beta-chains in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system programmed with mouse reticulocyte 9S RNA. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun. 37:204–212.
Lohka, M.J., and J.L. Maller. 1985. Induction of nuclear envelope
breakdown, chromosome condensation, and spindle formation in cell-free extracts. J Cell Biol. 101:518–523.
Lohka, M.J., and Y. Masui. 1983. Formation in vitro of sperm
pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian
ooplasmic components. Science. 220:719–721.
Maller, J.L. 2012. Pioneering the Xenopus oocyte and egg extract
system. J Biol Chem. 287:21640–21653.
Masui, Y. 2001. From oocyte maturation to the in vitro cell cycle:
The history of discoveries of maturation-promoting factor
(MPF) and cytostatic factor (CSF). Differentiation. 69:1–17.
A Quick History of Xenopus
Deuchar, E.M., and A. Burgess. 1967. Somite segmentation in
amphibian embryos: Is there a transmitted control mechanism? Development. 17:349–358.
Deuchar, E.M., and F. Parker. 1972. A method for time-lapse
cinematography of primitive streak stage rat embryos in
culture. Experientia. 28:374–376.
Elliott, P. 1999. Notable names in medical illustration: A. Kirkpatrick
Maxwell. Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine. 22:
130–131.
Elsdale, T.R., M. Fischberg, and S. Smith. 1958. A mutation that
reduces nucleolar number in Xenopus laevis. Exp Cell Res.
14:642–643.
Engelke, D.R., S.Y. Ng, B.S. Shastry, and R.G. Roeder. 1980.
Specifc interaction of a purifed transcription factor with
an internal control region of 5S RNA genes. Cell. 19:
717–728.
Erlingsson, S.J. 2016. “Enfant terrible”: Lancelot Hogben’s life
and work in the 1920s. Journal of the History of Biology.
49:495–526.
Fedoroff, N.V., and D.D. Brown. 1978. The nucleotide sequence
of oocyte 5S DNA in Xenopus laevis. I: The AT-rich spacer.
Cell. 13:701–716.
Fellows of St Hugh’s College, O. 1980. Elizabeth Marion Baldock
(née Deuchar). St. Hugh’s College Chronicle. 52:35–36.
Fischberg, M., J.B. Gurdon, and T.R. Elsdale. 1958. Nuclear transplantation in Xenopus laevis. Nature. 181:424–424.
Gall, J.G. 1963. Kinetics of deoxyribonuclease action on chromosomes. Nature. 198:36–38.
Gall, J.G. 2003. Harold Garnet Callan. Biogr. Mems Fell. R. Soc.
Lond. 49:107–118.
Gall, J.G. 2006. Through the looking glass. Nat Med . 12:1142–1145.
Gall, J.G., and M.L. Pardue. 1969. Formation and detection of
RNA-DNA hybrid molecules in cytological preparations.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 63:378–383.
Gerhart, J. 1987. The epigenetic nature of vertebrate development:
An interview of Pieter D. Nieuwkoop on the occasion of his
70th birthday. Development. 101:653–657.
Gerhart, J. 1997. In memoriam Pieter D. Nieuwkoop (1917–1996).
Dev Biol. 182:1–4.
Gerhart, J. 1999. Pieter Nieuwkoop’s contributions to the understanding of meso-endoderm induction and neural induction
in chordate development. Int J Dev Biol. 43:605–613.
Gray, J.E. 1864. Notes on the clawed toad (Dactylethra) of Africa.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1864:458–464.
Griffth, E. 1831. A classifed index and synopsis of the Animal
Kingdom Arranged in conformity with its organization by
Baron G. Cuvier with supplementary additions to each order.
Whittaker & Co., London.
Gunn, J. 1939. Xenopus test for pregnancy. British Medical
Journal. 2:580.
Gurdon, J.B. 1960. The developmental capacity of nuclei taken
from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. J
Embryol Exp Morphol. 8:505–526.
Gurdon, J.B. 1962. The developmental capacity of nuclei taken
from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. J
Embryol Exp Morphol. 10:622–640.
Gurdon, J.B. 2008. Sir John Gurdon: Godfather of cloning.
Interviewed by Ruth Williams. J Cell Biol. 181:178–179.
Gurdon, J.B. 2013a. The cloning of a frog. Development.
140:2446–2448.
Gurdon, J.B. 2013b. The egg and the nucleus: A battle for supremacy. Development. 140:2449–2456.
Gurdon, J.B. 2017. Nuclear transplantation, the conservation of
the genome, and prospects for cell replacement. Febs J.
284:211–217.
Gurdon, J.B., S. Brennan, S. Fairman, and T. Mohun. 1984.
Transcription of muscle-specifc actin genes in early Xenopus
development: Nuclear transplantation and cell dissociation.
Cell. 38:691–700.
Gurdon, J.B., T.R. Elsdale, and M. Fischberg. 1958. Sexually
mature individuals of Xenopus laevis from the transplantation of single somatic nuclei. Nature. 182:64–65.
Gurdon, J.B., and N. Hopwood. 2000. The introduction of Xenopus
laevis into developmental biology: Of empire, pregnancy
testing and ribosomal genes. Int J Dev Biol. 44:43–50.
Gurdon, J.B., C.D. Lane, H.R. Woodland, and G. Marbaix. 1971.
Use of frog eggs and oocytes for the study of messenger RNA and its translation in living cells. Nature. 233:
177–182.
Halley-Stott, R.P., V. Pasque, and J. Gurdon. 2013. Nuclear reprogramming. Development. 140:2468–2471.
Hay, E.D., and J.B. Gurdon. 1967. Fine structure of the nucleolus in normal and mutant Xenopus embryos. Journal of Cell
Science. 2:151–162.
Hess, W. 1896. Wagler, Johann Georg. Allgemeine Deutsche
Biographie. 41:776, Accessible here: https://de.wikisource.
org/wiki/ADB:Wagler,_Johann_Georg .
Hogben, L.T. 1930. Some remarks on the relation of the pituitary
gland to ovulation and skin secretion in Xenopus laevis.
Proc. R. Soc. S. Africa, March. 19:1930.
Hogben, L.T. 1998. Lancelot Hogben, scientifc humanist: An
unauthorised autobiography. Merlin Press, Suffolk, UK.
Hogben, L.T., E. Charles, and D. Slome. 1931. Studies on the
pituitary: VIII. The relation of the pituitary gland to calcium
metabolism and ovarian function in Xenopus. Journal of
Experimental Biology. 8:345–354.
Holmes, F.L. 1993. The old martyr of science: The frog in experimental physiology. Journal of the History of Biology.
26:311–328.
Hopkins, F.G. 1926. Obituary: Dr. Edward J. Bles. Nature. 118:90–91.
Huxley, J.S., and L.T. Hogben. 1922. Experiments on amphibian
metamorphosis and pigment responses in relation to internal secretions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:
Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character.
93:36–53.
King, T.J., and R. Briggs. 1954. Transplantation of living nuclei
of late gastrulae into enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens.
Development. 2:73–80.
Laskey, R., and J. Gurdon. 1970. Genetic content of adult somatic
cells tested by nuclear transplantation from cultured cells.
Nature. 228:1332–1334.
Leonelli, S., and R.A. Ankeny. 2013. What makes a model organism? Endeavour. 37:209–212.
Leslie, J.M. 1890. Note on the habits and oviposition of Xenopus
laevis. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 1890:69–71.
Lockard, R.E., and J.B. Lingrel. 1969. The synthesis of mouse
hemoglobin beta-chains in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system programmed with mouse reticulocyte 9S RNA. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun. 37:204–212.
Lohka, M.J., and J.L. Maller. 1985. Induction of nuclear envelope
breakdown, chromosome condensation, and spindle formation in cell-free extracts. J Cell Biol. 101:518–523.
Lohka, M.J., and Y. Masui. 1983. Formation in vitro of sperm
pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian
ooplasmic components. Science. 220:719–721.
Maller, J.L. 2012. Pioneering the Xenopus oocyte and egg extract
system. J Biol Chem. 287:21640–21653.
Masui, Y. 2001. From oocyte maturation to the in vitro cell cycle:
The history of discoveries of maturation-promoting factor
(MPF) and cytostatic factor (CSF). Differentiation. 69:1–17.