CONTENTS
xiii
5.2.6 Modeling Armor Unit Stresses ..................................... 202
5.3 Sloping Impermeable Structures................................................ 213
5.3.1 Sloping Impermeable Structure Scaling .................... 213
5.3.2 Sloping Impermeable Structure Scale Effects .... 214
5.4 Vertical-Wall Structures............................................................. 216
5.4.1 Vertical-Wall Structure Scaling.................................... 216
5.4.2 Vertical-Wall Structure Scale Effects.......................... 220
5.4.3 Vertical-Wall Model Verification ................................. 221
5.4.4 Vertical-Wall Model Scale Selection .......................... 222
5.4.5 Vertical-Wall Model Construction ............................. 222
5.5 Composite Structures ................................................................ 222
5.6 Floating Structures....................................................................... 223
5.6.1 Scaling Requirements for Floating Structures
. . . 223
5.6.2 Floating Structure Scale Effects.................................... 226
5.6.3 Floating Structure Model Scale Selection ................. 227
5.6.4 Floating Structure Model Construction .................... 228
5.7 Other Modeling Considerations................................................. 228
5.8 References....................................................................................... 231
6 Sediment Transport Models
237
6.1 Introduction to Movable-Bed Models....................................... 237
6.1.1 Movable-Bed Modeling Philosophical Remarks . . . 238
6.1.2 Problems Addressed by Movable-Bed Models .... 240
6.1.3 Requirements of Movable-Bed Models.............. 242
6.1.4 Cautions About Movable-Bed Models............. 244
6.2 Movable-Bed Scaling Requirements.......................................... 244
6.2.1 Sediment Transport Dimensional Analysis................ 245
6.2.2 General Similitude Difficulties....................................... 251
6.3 Bedload-Dominated Transport Models.................................... 252
6.3.1 Shear Stress Scales.......................................................... 252
6.3.2 Bedload Model Scale Requirements............................. 255
6.3.3 Best Model Requirements............................................. 257
6.3.4 Lightweight Model Requirements................................. 260
6.3.5 Densimetric Froude Model Requirements ................... 266
6.3.6 Sand Model Requirements.............................................. 267
6.3.7 Bedload Models: Summary and Discussion ............. 270
6.4 Suspension-Dominated Models ................................................ 281
6.4.1 Scale Criteria Without Fall Speed Dependency . . . 282
6.4.2 Scale Criteria Dependent on Fall Speed .................... 293
6.4.3 Suspension-Dominated Modeling Conclusions .... 316
6.4.4 Suspension-Dominated Model Scale Effects............. 317
6.5 Fixed-Bed Tracer Studies.......................................................... 319
xiii
5.2.6 Modeling Armor Unit Stresses ..................................... 202
5.3 Sloping Impermeable Structures................................................ 213
5.3.1 Sloping Impermeable Structure Scaling .................... 213
5.3.2 Sloping Impermeable Structure Scale Effects .... 214
5.4 Vertical-Wall Structures............................................................. 216
5.4.1 Vertical-Wall Structure Scaling.................................... 216
5.4.2 Vertical-Wall Structure Scale Effects.......................... 220
5.4.3 Vertical-Wall Model Verification ................................. 221
5.4.4 Vertical-Wall Model Scale Selection .......................... 222
5.4.5 Vertical-Wall Model Construction ............................. 222
5.5 Composite Structures ................................................................ 222
5.6 Floating Structures....................................................................... 223
5.6.1 Scaling Requirements for Floating Structures
. . . 223
5.6.2 Floating Structure Scale Effects.................................... 226
5.6.3 Floating Structure Model Scale Selection ................. 227
5.6.4 Floating Structure Model Construction .................... 228
5.7 Other Modeling Considerations................................................. 228
5.8 References....................................................................................... 231
6 Sediment Transport Models
237
6.1 Introduction to Movable-Bed Models....................................... 237
6.1.1 Movable-Bed Modeling Philosophical Remarks . . . 238
6.1.2 Problems Addressed by Movable-Bed Models .... 240
6.1.3 Requirements of Movable-Bed Models.............. 242
6.1.4 Cautions About Movable-Bed Models............. 244
6.2 Movable-Bed Scaling Requirements.......................................... 244
6.2.1 Sediment Transport Dimensional Analysis................ 245
6.2.2 General Similitude Difficulties....................................... 251
6.3 Bedload-Dominated Transport Models.................................... 252
6.3.1 Shear Stress Scales.......................................................... 252
6.3.2 Bedload Model Scale Requirements............................. 255
6.3.3 Best Model Requirements............................................. 257
6.3.4 Lightweight Model Requirements................................. 260
6.3.5 Densimetric Froude Model Requirements ................... 266
6.3.6 Sand Model Requirements.............................................. 267
6.3.7 Bedload Models: Summary and Discussion ............. 270
6.4 Suspension-Dominated Models ................................................ 281
6.4.1 Scale Criteria Without Fall Speed Dependency . . . 282
6.4.2 Scale Criteria Dependent on Fall Speed .................... 293
6.4.3 Suspension-Dominated Modeling Conclusions .... 316
6.4.4 Suspension-Dominated Model Scale Effects............. 317
6.5 Fixed-Bed Tracer Studies.......................................................... 319