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Pedlosky, J. and P. Robbins, 1991: The role of finite
mixed-layer thickness in the structure of the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 1019–
1031. [7.3]
Pedlosky, J. and R. Xin Huang, 1999: Climatic forcing of the ventilated thermocline. (submitted). [7.3]
Peixóto, J. and A. Oort, 1992: Physics of Climate.
American Institute of Physics, NY, 520 pp. [4.7]
Peltier W. R., 1998: Postglacial variations in the level of
the sea: implications for climate dynamics and solidearth physics. Rev. Geophys. 36, 603–689. [1.2]
Peng, T-H., R. Wanninkhof, J. L. Bullister, R. A. Feely
and T. Takahashi, 1998: Quantification of decadal
anthropogenic CO 2 uptake in the ocean based on
dissolved inorganic carbon measurements. Nature
396, 560–563. [6.3]
Perigaud, C., 1990: Sea-level oscillations observed
with Geosat along two shear fronts of the Pacific
North Equatorial Counter Current. J. Geophys.
Res. 95, 7239–7248. [3.3]
Perigaud, C. and P. Delecluse, 1992: Annual sea-level
variations in the Southern Tropical Indian Ocean
from Geosat and shallow water simulations.
J. Geophys. Res. 97, 20169–20178. [3.3]
Perry, G., P. B. Duffy and N. L. Miller, 1996: An
extended data set of river discharges for validation
of general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res.
101, 21339–21349. [6.3]
Peters, H., M. C. Gregg and J. M. Toole, 1988: On
the parameterization of equatorial turbulence.
J. Geophys. Res. 93, 1199–1218. [4.3]
Peters, H., M. C. Gregg and T. B. Sanford, 1995: On
the parameterization of equatorial turbulence:
Effect of fine-scale variations below the range of
the diurnal cycle. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 18333–
18348. [4.3]
Peterson, R. G. and L. Stramma, 1991: Upper-level
circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr. 26, 1–73. [4.3]
Peterson, R. G. and W. B. White, 1998: Slow oceanic
teleconnections linking the Antarctic Circumpolar
Wave with the tropical El Niño Southern
Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 24573–24583.
[3.3, 4.6, 4.7]
Petoukhov, V., A. Ganopolski, V. Brovkin et al.,
2000: CLIMBER-2: a climate system model of
intermediate complexity. Part I. Model description
and performance for present climate. Climate
Dyn. 16, 1–17. [2.3]
Philander, S. G . H., 1986: Unusual conditions in the
Tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984. Nature 322,
(6076), 236–238. [4.3]
Philander, S. G . H., 1990: El Niño, La Niña and the
Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, San Diego,
CA, 293 pp. [1.2, 2.3, 4.3]
Philander, S. G . H. and R. C. Pacanowski, 1980: The
generation of equatorial currents. J. Geophys. Res.
85, 1123–1136. [4.3]
Philander, S. G . H. and R. C. Paconowski, 1986: A
model of the seasonal cycle in the tropical Atlantic
Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 14192–14206. [4.3]
Phillips, H. E. and S. R. Rintoul, 2000: Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
south of Australia. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30,
3050–3076. [4.6]
Phillips, O. M., 1977: The Dynamics of the Upper
Ocean, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, NY,
336 pp. [5.2]
Picaut, J. and R. Tournier, 1991: Monitoring the
1979–1985 Equatorial Pacific transports with
expendable bathythermograph data. J. Geophys.
Res. 96, 3263–3277. [4.3]
Picaut, J., M. Ioulalen, T. Delcroix, M. J. McPhaden
and C. Menkes, 1996: Mechanism of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: Implications
for ENSO. Science 274, 1486–1489. [4.3]
Picaut, J., F. Masia and Y. duPenhoat, 1997: An
advective–reflective conceptual model for the
oscillatory nature of the ENSO. Science 277, 663–
666. [3.3]
Pickart, R. S., 1988: Entrainment and homogenization of a passive tracer in a numerical model gyre.
J. Geophys. Res. 93, 6761–6773. [5.5]
Pickart, R. S., 1992: Water mass components of the
North Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current,
Deep-Sea Res. 39, 1553–1572. [5.8]
Pickart, R. S. and W. M. Smethie, Jr., 1993: How
does the Deep Western Boundary Current cross
the Gulf Stream? J. Phys. Oceanogr. 23, 2602–
2616. [5.8]
Pickart, R. S. and W. M. Smethie, 1998: Temporal
evolution of the Deep Western Boundary Current
where it enters the sub-tropical domain. Deep-Sea
Res. I 45, 1053–1083. [4.5]
Pickart, R. S., N. G. Hogg and W. M. Smethie, Jr.,
1989: Determining the strength of the deep western boundary current using the chlorofluoromethane ratio. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 19, 940–951.
[5.8]
Pickart, R. S., W. M. Smethie, Jr., J. R. N. Lazier, E. P.
Jones and W. J. Jenkins, 1996: Eddies of newly
formed upper Labrador Sea Water. J. Geophys.
Res. 101, 20711–20726. [5.8]
REFERENCES
655