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Hanawa, K. and H. Yoritaka, 2000: The North
Pacific subtropical mode water observed in the
long XBT cross sections along the 32.5°N line.
J. Geophys. Res. (in press). [5.4]
Hanawa, K., N. Iwasaka, T. Watanabe, T. Suga
and Y. Toba, 1988a: The XBT observations. The
subtropical mode water in 1987 winter.
Preliminary Report of the Hakuho Maru Cruise
KH87-1, Ocean Research Institute, University of
Tokyo, pp. 46–54. [5.4]
Hanawa, K., T. Watanabe, N. Iwasaka, T. Suga and
Y. Toba, 1988b: Surface thermal condition in the
western North Pacific during the ENSO events.
J. Meteor. Soc. Japan 66, 445–456. [5.4]
Haney, R. L., 1991: On the pressure gradient force
over steep topography in sigma coordinate ocean
models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 610–619. [7.2]
Hansen, B. and S. Østerhus, 2000: North Atlantic–
Nordic Seas exchanges. Prog. Oceanogr. 45,
109–208. [5.6]
Hansen, D. V. and H. F. Bezdek, 1996: On the nature
of decadal anomalies in the North Atlantic Sea
surface temperature. J. Geophys. Res. 101,
8749–8758. [7.1, 7.3]
Hansen, D. V. and C. A. Paul, 1984: Genesis and
effects of long waves in the equatorial Pacific.
J. Geophys. Res. 89, 10431–10440. [4.3]
Hansen, D. V. and P. M Poulain, 1996: Quality control
and interpolation of WOCE/TOGA drifter data.
J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 13, 900–909. [4.1]
Harper S., 2000: Thermocline ventilation and pathways of tropical–subtropical water mass exchange.
Tellus 52A, 330–345. [4.4]
Hartmann, D. L. and F. Lo, 1998: Wave-driven zonal
flow vacillation in the Southern Hemisphere.
J. Atmos. Sci. 55, 1303–1315. [7.3]
Harvey, J., 1982: S relationships and water masses
in the eastern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res. 29,
1021–1033. [5.4]
Harvey, J. G. and A. Theodorou, 1986: The circulation of Norwegian Sea overflow water in the eastern North Atlantic. Oceanol. Acta 9(4), 393–402.
[5.6]
Hasselmann, K., 1976: Stochastic climate models:
Part 1. Theory. Tellus 28A, 473–485. [2.1]
Hasselmann, K., L. Bengtsson, U. Cubasch et al.,
1995: Detection of anthropogenic climate change
using a fingerprint method. In: Proceedings of
Symposium on Modern Dynamical Meteorology,
P. Ditlevsen (ed.), ECMWF Press, Reading,
UK. [2.3]
Hastenrath, S. and L. Greischar, 1989: Climatic
Atlas of the Indian Ocean, Part III: Upper-Ocean
Structure. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison,
WI, 247 charts. [4.3]
Hastenrath, S. and L. Greischar, 1991: The monsoonal regimes of the tropical Indian Ocean.
Observed surface flow fields and their geostrophic
and wind-driven components. J. Geophys. Res.
96, 12619–12633. [4.3]
Hasumi, H. and N. Suginohara, 1999a: Effects of
locally enhanced vertical diffusivity over rough
bathymetry on the world ocean circulation.
J. Geophys. Res. 104, 23367–23374. [2.2, 2.3,
4.2]
Hasumi, H. and N. Suginohara, 1999b: Atlantic deep
circulation controlled by heating in the Southern
Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1873–1876. [4.2]
Hasunuma, K. and K. Yoshida, 1978: Splitting of the
subtropical gyre in the western North Pacific.
J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 34, 160–172. [7.3]
Haug, G., D. Sigman, R. Tiedemann, T. Pedersen and
M. Sarnthein, 1999: Onset of permanent stratification in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Nature 401,
779–782. [4.7]
Hautala, S. L. and S. C. Riser, 1993: A nonconservative -spiral determination of the deep circulation
in the eastern South Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
23, 1975–2000. [4.3]
Hautala, S. L. and D. H. Roemmich, 1998: Subtropical
mode water in the Northeast Pacific Basin.
J. Geophys. Res. 103, 13055–13066. [5.4]
Hautala, S. L., D. H. Roemmich and W. J. Schmitz,
Jr., 1994: Is the North Pacific in Sverdrup balance
along 24°N? J. Geophys. Res. 99, 16041–
16052. [2.1]
Hautala, S., J. Reid and N. Bray, 1996: The distribution and mixing of Pacific water masses in the
Indonesian Seas. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 12375–
12389. [4.7]
Hayden, B. P., 1981: Secular variation in the Atlantic
coast extratropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109,
159–167. [7.3]
Haywood, J. M., R. J. Stouffer, R. T. Wetherald,
S. Manabe and V. Ramaswamy, 1997: Transient
response of a coupled model to estimated changes
in greenhouse gas and sulfate concentrations.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1335–1338. [2.3]
Hazeleger, W. and S. S. Drijfhout, 1998: Mode water
variability of the subtropical gyre: Response to
anomalous forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28, 266–
288. [5.3, 5.4]
Hazeleger, W. and S. S. Drijfhout, 1999: Stochastically
forced mode water variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
29, 1772–1786. [5.4]
Hazeleger, W. and S. S. Drijfhout, 2000: Eddy subduction in a model of the subtropical gyre.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 677–695. [5.3]
REFERENCES
628