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H. Peters, 1995: Turbulence produced by internal
waves in the oceanic thermocline at mid- and lowlatitudes. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 24, 1–14. [4.3, 5.2]
Gregory J. M., J. A. Church, G. J. Boer et al., 2001:
Comparison of results from several AOGCMs for
global and regional sea-level change 1900–2100.
Climate Dyn. (accepted). [1.2]
Gregory, J. M. and J. F . B. Mitchell, 1997: The climate response to CO 2 of the Hadley Centre coupled AOGCM with and without flux adjustment.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 1943–1946. [2.3]
Greve, M., 1994: Fridtjof Nansen. Translated by
M. E. Davies, H. Aschehoug & Co (W. Nygaard),
Oslo, Norway, 56 pp. [7.4]
Griffies, S. M., A. Gnanadesikan, R. C. Pacanowski,
V. D. Larichev, J. K. Dukowicz and R. D. Smith,
1998: Isoneutral diffusion in a z-coordinate ocean
model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28, 805–830. [7.2]
Griffiths, G., 1994: Using 3DF GPS heading for
improving underway ADCP data. J. Atmos.
Oceanic Technol. 11, 1135–1143. [3.1]
Grima, N., A. Bentamy, K. Katsaros and Y. Quilfen,
1999: Sensitivity of an oceanic general circulation
model forced by satellite wind stress fields.
J. Geophys. Res. 104, 7967–7989. [3.4]
Grotefendt K., K. Logemann, D. Quadfasel and
S. Ronski, 1998: Is the Arctic Ocean warming?
J. Geophys. Res. 103, 27679–27687. [7.3]
Gruber, N., 1998: Anthropogenic CO 2 in the
Atlantic Ocean. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 12,
165–191. [6.3]
Gruber, N., J. L. Sarmiento and T. F. Stocker, 1996:
An improved method for detecting anthropogenic
CO 2 in the oceans. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 10,
809–837. [5.8, 6.3]
GSP Group, 1990: The Greenland Sea Project – a
venture toward improved understanding of the
ocean’s role in climate. Eos Trans. Amer.
Geophys. Union 71, 750–751, 754–755. [7.3]
Gu, D. and S. G . H. Philander, 1997: Interdecadal
climate fluctuations that depend on exchanges
between the tropics and extratropics. Science 275,
805–807. [4.3, 4.4, 5.3, 5.8]
Guilderson, T. and D. Schrag, 1997: Abrupt shift in
subsurface temperatures in the tropical Pacific
associated with changes in El Niño. Science 281,
240–243. [5.8]
Guilyardi, E. and G. Madec, 1997: Performance
of the OPA/ARPEGE T21 global ocean–atmosphere
coupled model. Climate Dyn. 13, 149–165. [2.3]
Gupta, S. K., W. Darnell and A. C. Wilber, 1992: A
parameterization for longwave surface radiation
from satellite data: Recent improvements. J. Appl.
Meteor. 31, 1361–1367. [3.4]
Hacker, P., E. Firing, W. D. Wilson and R. Molinari,
1996: Direct observations of the current structure
east of the Bahamas. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23,
1127–1130. [3.1]
Hacker, P., E. Firing, J. Hummon, A. L. Gordon and
J. C. Kindle, 1998: Bay of Bengal currents during
the northeast monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25,
2769–2772. [4.3]
Hagemann, S. and L. Dümenil, 1998: A parametrization of the lateral waterflow for the global scale.
Climate Dyn. 14, 17–31. [2.3]
Haidvogel, D. B. and A. Beckmann, 1999: Numerical
Ocean Circulation Modeling. Imperial College
Press, London, 320 pp. [7.2]
Haidvogel, D. B., J. L. Wilkin and R. E. Young, 1991:
A semi-spectral primitive equation ocean circulation model using vertical sigma and orthogonal
curvilinear horizontal coordinates. J. Comp. Phys.
94, 151–185. [2.2]
Haine, T. W. H., A. J. Watson, M. I. Liddicoat and
R. R. Dickson, 1998: The flow of Antarctic
Bottom Water to the southwest Indian Ocean estimated using CFCs. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 27637–
27653. [5.8]
Hall, M. M. and H. L. Bryden, 1982: Direct estimates
and mechanisms of ocean heat transport. DeepSea Res. 29, 339–359. [1.2, 2.2, 2.3, 6.1, 6.2]
Hall, M. M., M. McCartney and J. A. Whitehead,
1997: Antarctic Bottom Water flux in the equatorial western Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 1903–
1926. [4.3, 4.5]
Hallberg, R. W. and P. B. Rhines, 1996: Buoyancy
driven circulations in an ocean basin with isopycnals intersecting the sloping boundary. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 26, 913–940. [5.5]
Hallock, Z. R. and W. J. Teague, 1996: Evidence for
a North Pacific deep western boundary current.
J. Geophys. Res. 101, 6617–6624. [4.5]
Han, W., J. P. McCreary, Jr., D. L . T. Anderson and
A. J. Mariano, 1999: Dynamics of the Eastern
Surface Jets in the Equatorial Indian Ocean.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 29, 2191–2209. [4.3]
Hanawa, K., 1987: Interannual variations in the wintertime outcrop area of Subtropical Mode Water in
the North Pacific. Atmos. Ocean 25, 358–374. [5.4]
Hanawa, K. and I. Hoshino, 1988: Temperature
structure and mixed layer in the Kuroshio region
over the Izu Ridge. J. Mar. Res. 46, 683–700. [5.4]
Hanawa, K. and T. Suga, 1995: A review on the
subtropical mode water of the North Pacific
(NPSTMW). In: Biochemical Processes and Ocean
REFERENCES
627