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seasonal variability in the ocean. Deep-Sea Res.
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Gille, S. T., 1994: Mean sea-surface height of the
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Gille, S. T., 1997: The Southern Ocean momentum
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and temporal variability in the Southern Ocean.
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Gilson, J., D. Roemmich, B. Cornuelle and L.-L. Fu,
1998: Relationship of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetric height to steric height and circulation in the
North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 27947–
27965. [3.3, 7.4]
Gleckler, P. J. and B. C. Weare, 1997: Uncertainties
in global ocean surface heat flux climatologies
derived from ship observations. J. Climate 10,
2764–2781. [6.1]
Gnanadesikan, A., 1999: A simple predictive model
for the structure of the oceanic pycnocline. Science
283, 2077–2079. [5.2]
Gnanadesikan, A. and R. W. Hallberg, 2000: On the
relationship of the Circumpolar Current to Southern
Hemisphere winds in coarse-resolution ocean
models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 2013–2034. [4.6]
GODAE (Global Ocean Data Assimilation
Experiment), 2001: GODAE Strategic Plan,
GODAE International Project Office (to appear).
[7.4]
Godfrey, J. S., 1989: A Sverdrup model of the depthintegrated flow for the world ocean allowing for
island circulations. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid
Dyn. 45, 89–112. [1.2, 4.2, 4.6, 4.7]
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624
D. B. Olson, 1997: Monitoring the upper southeastern Atlantic transports using altimeter data.
J. Mar. Res. 55, 453–481. [3.3]
Garzoli, S., P. Richardson, C. Duncombe Rae,
D. Fratantoni, G. Goñi and A. Roubicek, 1999:
Three Agulhas rings observed during the Benguela
Current Experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 104,
20971–20985. [4.7]
Gascard, J.-C., 1978: Mediterranean deep water
formation, baroclinic eddies and ocean eddies.
Oceanol. Acta 1, 313–315. [5.7]
Gaspar, P. and R. M. Ponte, 1997: Relation between
sea level and barometric pressure determined from
altimeter data and model simulations. J. Geophys.
Res. 102, 961–971. [3.3]
Gaspar, P., Y. Gregoris and J.-M. Lefevre, 1990: A
simple eddy kinetic energy model for simulations of
the oceanic vertical mixing: tests at station Papa and
Long-Term Upper Ocean Study site. J. Geophys.
Res. 95, 16179–16193. [7.2]
Gautier, C., G. Diak and S. Masse, 1980: A simple
physical model to estimate incident solar radiation
at the surface from GOES satellite data. J. Appl.
Meteor. 19, 1821–1844. [3.4]
Gent, P. R. and J. C. McWilliams, 1990: Isopycnal
mixing in ocean circulation models. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 20, 150–155. [2.2, 2.3, 3.2, 4.6, 5.2,
7.1, 7.2]
Gent, P. R., J. Willebrand, T. J. McDougall and
J. C. McWilliams, 1995: Parameterizing eddyinduced transport in ocean circulation models.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 463–474. [2.2, 5.2, 7.2]
Gent, P. R., F. O. Bryan, G. Danabasoglu et al., 1998:
The NCAR Climate System Model global ocean
component. J. Climate 11, 1278–1306. [2.3]
Gent, P. R., W. G. Large and F. O. Bryan, 2000:
What sets the mean transport through Drake
Passage? J. Geophys. Res. (in press). [2.3, 4.6,
4.3]
Gerdes, R. and C. Köberle, 1995: On the influence
of DSOW in a numerical model of the North
Atlantic general circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
25, 2624–2642. [2.2]
Gerdes, R., C, Köberle, A. Beckmann, P. Herrmann
and J. Willebrand, 1999: Mechanisms for spreading
of Mediterranean water in coarse-resolution numerical models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 29, 1682–1700.
[5.7]
Gershunov, A. and T. P. Barnett, 1998: Interdecadal
modulation of ENSO teleconnections. Bull. Amer.
Meteor. Soc. 79, 2715–2725. [7.3]
Gibson, C. H., 1982: Alternative interpretations for
microstructure patches in the thermocline. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 12, 374–383. [5.2]
Giering, R. and T. Kaminski, 1998: Recipes for adjoint
code construction. Association for Computing
Machinery Transactions on Mathematical Software
24, 437–474. [7.1]
Gilbert, D., 1993: A search for evidence of critical
internal wave reflection on the continental rise
and slope off Nova Scotia. Atmos. Ocean 32,
99–122. [5.2]
Gilbert, D. and C. Garrett, 1989: Implications for
ocean mixing of internal wave scattering off irregular topography. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 19, 1716–
1729. [5.2]
Gill, A. E., 1968: A linear model of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current. J. Fluid Mech. 32, 465–
488. [4.6]
Gill, A. E., 1982: Atmosphere–Ocean Dynamics.
Academic Press, NY, 662 pp. [1.2, 3.3, 4.2, 4.6]
Gill, A. E. and P. P. Niiler, 1973: The theory of the
seasonal variability in the ocean. Deep-Sea Res.
20, 141–177. [2.2, 3.3]
Gille, S. T., 1994: Mean sea-surface height of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current from GEOSAT
data: Method and application. J. Geophys. Res.
99, 18255–18273. [3.3 4.6]
Gille, S. T., 1997: The Southern Ocean momentum
balance: evidence for topographic effects from
numerical model output and altimeter data.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 2219–2232. [4.6]
Gille, S. T. and K. A. Kelly, 1996: Scales of spatial
and temporal variability in the Southern Ocean.
J. Geophys. Res. 101, 8759–8773. [3.3]
Gilson, J., D. Roemmich, B. Cornuelle and L.-L. Fu,
1998: Relationship of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetric height to steric height and circulation in the
North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 27947–
27965. [3.3, 7.4]
Gleckler, P. J. and B. C. Weare, 1997: Uncertainties
in global ocean surface heat flux climatologies
derived from ship observations. J. Climate 10,
2764–2781. [6.1]
Gnanadesikan, A., 1999: A simple predictive model
for the structure of the oceanic pycnocline. Science
283, 2077–2079. [5.2]
Gnanadesikan, A. and R. W. Hallberg, 2000: On the
relationship of the Circumpolar Current to Southern
Hemisphere winds in coarse-resolution ocean
models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 2013–2034. [4.6]
GODAE (Global Ocean Data Assimilation
Experiment), 2001: GODAE Strategic Plan,
GODAE International Project Office (to appear).
[7.4]
Godfrey, J. S., 1989: A Sverdrup model of the depthintegrated flow for the world ocean allowing for
island circulations. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid
Dyn. 45, 89–112. [1.2, 4.2, 4.6, 4.7]
REFERENCES
624