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Fung, I. Y., D. E. Harrison and A. A. Lacis, 1984: On
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Gammon, R. H., J. Cline and D. Wisegarver, 1982:
Chlorofluoromethanes in the Northeast Pacific
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J. Geophys. Res. 87, 9441–9454. [5.8]
Ganachaud, A., 1999: Large-scale oceanic circulation
and fluxes of freshwater, heat, nutrients and
oxygen. Ph.D. Dissertation, MIT-WHOI Joint
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Ganachaud, A. and C. Wunsch, 1998: Large scale
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Ganachaud, A. and C. Wunsch, 2001: The oceanic
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Ganachaud, A., C. Wunsch, M.-C. Kim and B.
Tapley, 1997: Combination of TOPEX/POSEIDON data with a hydrographic inversion for
determination of the oceanic general circulation
and its relation to geoid accuracy. Geophys. J. Int.
128, 708–722. [3.3]
Ganachaud, A., C. Wunsch, J. Marotzke and J. Toole,
2000: The meridional overturning and large-scale
circulation of the Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res.
105 (C11), 26117–26134. [6.1, 7.1]
Ganopolski, A., S. Rahmstorf, V. Petoukhov and
M. Claussen, 1998: Simulation of modern and
glacial climates with a coupled global model
of intermediate complexity. Nature 391, 351–
356. [1.2]
Gargett, A. E., 1988: Reynolds number effects on turbulence in the presence of stable stratification. In:
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Mixing in the Ocean. Proceedings of the 19th
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Garrett, C. and A. Tandon, 1997: The effects on
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Garrett, C., P. MacCready and P. B. Rhines, 1993a:
Boundary Mixing and Arrested Ekman Layers:
Rotating, Stratified Flow Near a Sloping Boundary.
Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 25, 291–323. [5.2]
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Interannual variability in Mediterranean heat and
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Garrett, C., K. Speer and E. Tragou, 1995: The relationship between water mass transformation and
the surface buoyancy flux, with application to
Phillips’ Red Sea model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25,
1696–1705. [5.1, 5.3]
Garrett, J. F., 1980: The availability of the FGGE
drifting buoy system data set. Deep-Sea Res. 27,
1083–1086. [4.1]
Garternicht, U. and F. Schott, 1997: Heat fluxes of
the Indian Ocean from a global eddy-resolving
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Garzoli, S. L., A. L. Gordon, V. Kamenkovich,
D. Pillsbury and C. Duncombe-Rae, 1996:
Variability and sources of the southeastern
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[1.2, 4.7]
REFERENCES
623
3.3]
Fukumori, I., R. Raghunath, L.-L. Fu and Y. Chao,
1999: Assimilation of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data into a global ocean circulation model:
How good are the results? J. Geophys. Res. 104,
25647–25666. [3.3, 7.1, 7.4]
Fung, I. Y., D. E. Harrison and A. A. Lacis, 1984: On
the variability of the net longwave radiation at the
ocean surface. Rev. Geophys. 22, 177–193. [5.1]
Fyfe, J. C., G. Boer and G. Flato, 1999: The Arctic
and Antarctic Oscillations and their projected
changes under global warming. Geophys. Res.
Lett. 26, 1601–1604. [2.3]
Gaffen, D. J., R. D. Rosen, D. A. Salstein and
J. S. Boyle, 1997: Evaluation of tropospheric water
vapour simulations from the atmospheric Model
Intercomparison Project. J. Climate 10, 1648–
1661. [6.2]
Gammon, R. H., J. Cline and D. Wisegarver, 1982:
Chlorofluoromethanes in the Northeast Pacific
Ocean: Measured vertical distributions and application as transient tracers of upper ocean mixing.
J. Geophys. Res. 87, 9441–9454. [5.8]
Ganachaud, A., 1999: Large-scale oceanic circulation
and fluxes of freshwater, heat, nutrients and
oxygen. Ph.D. Dissertation, MIT-WHOI Joint
Program, Woods, MA, 266 pp. [4.7, 5.2]
Ganachaud, A. and C. Wunsch, 1998: Large scale
oceanic nutrient and oxygen fluxes. International
WOCE Newsletter, No. 32, 12–13. WOCE
International Project Office (unpublished document). [5.8]
Ganachaud, A. and C. Wunsch, 2001: The oceanic
meridional overturning circulation, mixing, bottom water formation and the transport of heat
energy. Nature (submitted). [7.1]
Ganachaud, A., C. Wunsch, M.-C. Kim and B.
Tapley, 1997: Combination of TOPEX/POSEIDON data with a hydrographic inversion for
determination of the oceanic general circulation
and its relation to geoid accuracy. Geophys. J. Int.
128, 708–722. [3.3]
Ganachaud, A., C. Wunsch, J. Marotzke and J. Toole,
2000: The meridional overturning and large-scale
circulation of the Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res.
105 (C11), 26117–26134. [6.1, 7.1]
Ganopolski, A., S. Rahmstorf, V. Petoukhov and
M. Claussen, 1998: Simulation of modern and
glacial climates with a coupled global model
of intermediate complexity. Nature 391, 351–
356. [1.2]
Gargett, A. E., 1988: Reynolds number effects on turbulence in the presence of stable stratification. In:
Small-Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean,
J. C . J. Nihoul and B. M Jamart (eds), Elsevier, NY,
pp. 517–528. [5.2]
Gargett, A. E., 1989: Ocean turbulence. Ann. Rev.
Fluid Mech. 21, 419–452. [5.2]
Garrett, C., 1979: Comment on ‘Some evidence for
boundary mixing in the deep ocean’ by Laurence
Armi. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 5095–5096. [5.2]
Garrett, C. 1991: Marginal mixing theories. Atmos.
Ocean 29, 313–339. [5.2]
Garrett, C. and D. Gilbert, 1988: Estimates of vertical mixing by internal waves reflected off a sloping bottom. In: Small-Scale Turbulence and
Mixing in the Ocean. Proceedings of the 19th
International Liege Colloquium on Ocean
Hydrodynamics, J. C. Nihoul and B. M. Jamart
(eds), Elsevier, NY, pp. 405–424. [5.2]
Garrett, C. and W. H. Munk, 1972a: Space time
scales of internal waves. Geophys. Fluid Dyn. 2,
225–264. [5.2]
Garrett, C. and W. H. Munk, 1972b: Oceanic mixing
by breaking internal waves. Deep-Sea Res. 19,
823–832. [5.2]
Garrett, C. and W. H. Munk, 1975: Space time scales
of internal waves: A progress report. J. Geophys.
Res. 80, 291–297. [5.2]
Garrett, C. and W. H. Munk, 1979: Internal waves
in the ocean. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 11, 339–
369. [4.2]
Garrett, C. and A. Tandon, 1997: The effects on
water mass formation of surface mixed layer timedependence and entrainment fluxes. Deep-Sea
Res. 44, 1991–2006. [5.1, 5.2]
Garrett, C., P. MacCready and P. B. Rhines, 1993a:
Boundary Mixing and Arrested Ekman Layers:
Rotating, Stratified Flow Near a Sloping Boundary.
Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 25, 291–323. [5.2]
Garrett, C., R. Outbridge and K. Thompson, 1993b:
Interannual variability in Mediterranean heat and
buoyancy fluxes. J. Climate 6, 900–910. [5.7]
Garrett, C., K. Speer and E. Tragou, 1995: The relationship between water mass transformation and
the surface buoyancy flux, with application to
Phillips’ Red Sea model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25,
1696–1705. [5.1, 5.3]
Garrett, J. F., 1980: The availability of the FGGE
drifting buoy system data set. Deep-Sea Res. 27,
1083–1086. [4.1]
Garternicht, U. and F. Schott, 1997: Heat fluxes of
the Indian Ocean from a global eddy-resolving
model. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 21147–21159. [4.3]
Garzoli, S. L., A. L. Gordon, V. Kamenkovich,
D. Pillsbury and C. Duncombe-Rae, 1996:
Variability and sources of the southeastern
Atlantic circulation. J. Mar. Res. 54, 1039–1071.
[1.2, 4.7]
REFERENCES
623