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measurement in ocean waters. J. Geophys. Res.
100, 15959–15970. [5.8]
Bunker, A. F., 1976a: Computations of surface
energy flux and annual air–sea interaction cycles
of the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev.
104, 1122–1140. [3.4, 5.1]
Bunker, A. F., 1976b: Wintertime interactions of the
atmosphere with the Mediterranean Sea. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 2, 225–238. [5.7]
Busalacchi, A. J., R. M. Atlas and E. C. Hackert,
1993: Comparison of special sensor microwave
imager vector wind stress with model-derived and
subjective products for the tropical Pacific.
J. Geophys. Res. 98, 6961–6977. [3.4]
Butt, J. and E. Lindstrom, 1994: Currents off the east
coast of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, and
their relevance to the regional undercurrents in the
Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys.
Res. 99, 12503–12514. [4.3, 4.4]
Butterfield, D. A., G. J. Massoth, R. E. McDuff,
J. E. Lupton and M. C. Lilley, 1990: The chemistry
of phase separated hydrothermal fluids from
ASHES Vent Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge. J.
Geophys. Res. 95, 12895–12921. [5.8]
Byrne, D., A. L. Gordon and W. Haxby, 1995:
Agulhas Eddies: A synoptic view using Geosat
ERM data. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 902–917. [4.7]
Cai, W. and P. Baines, 1996: Interactions between
thermohaline- and wind-driven circulations and
their relevance to the dynamics of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current, in a coarse-resolution global
ocean general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res.
101, 14073–14093. [4.6]
Cai, W. J. and R. J. Greatbatch, 1995: Compensation for the NADW outflow in a global ocean
circulation model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 226–
241. [4.7]
Cai, W., P. G. Baines and H. B. Gordon, 1999:
Southern mid- to high-latitude variability, a zonal
wavenumber-3 pattern, and the Antarctic
Circumpolar Wave in the CSIRO coupled model.
J. Climate 12, 3087–3104. [2.3, 4.6]
Cairns, J. L. and G. O. Williams, 1976: Internal wave
observations from a midwater float, 2. J.
Geophys. Res. 81, 1943–1950. [5.2]
Caldeira, K. and P. B. Duffy, 2000: The role of
the Southern Ocean in uptake and storage of
anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Science 287, 620–
622. [6.3]
Caldwell, D. R., 1976: Fine-scale temperature structure in the bottom mixed layer on the Oregon
shelf. Deep-Sea Res. 23, 1025–1036. [5.2]
Caldwell, D. R. and J. M. Moum, 1995: Turbulence
and mixing in the ocean. In: Rev. Geophys.
(suppl.) US National Report to IUGG 1991–
1994, 1285–1394. [5.2]
Callahan, J. E., 1972: The structure and circulation
of deep water in the Antarctic. Deep-Sea Res. 19,
563–575. [4.6]
Candela, J., 1991: The Gibraltar Strait and its role in
the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea. Dyn.
Atmos. Oceans 15, 267–300. [5.7]
Candela, J., C. D. Winant and H. L. Bryden, 1989:
Meteorologically forced subinertial flows through
the Strait of Gibraltar. J. Geophys. Res. 94,
12667–12674. [5.7]
Candela, J., C. D. Winant and A. Ruiz, 1990: Tides
in the Strait of Gibraltar. J. Geophys. Res. 95,
7313–7335. [5.7]
Cane, M. A., 1980: On the dynamics of equatorial
currents, with application to the Indian Ocean.
Deep-Sea Res. 27, 525–544. [4.3]
Cane, M. A. and S. E. Zebiak, 1987: A theory for El
Niño and the Southern Oscillation. Science 228,
1085–1087. [7.4]
Cane, M. A., A. C. Clement, A. Kaplan et al., 1997:
Twentieth century sea surface temperature trends.
Science 275, 957–960. [4.4]
Carissimo, B. C., A. H. Oort and T. H. Vonder Haar,
1985: Estimating the meridional energy transports
in the atmosphere and ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
15, 82–91. [6.1]
Carmack, E. C. and T. D. Foster, 1975: Circulation
and distribution of oceanographic properties
near the Filchner Ice Shelf. Deep-Sea Res. 22, 77–
90. [4.6]
Carmack, E. C. and P. D. Killworth, 1978: Formation
and interleaving of abyssal water masses off Wilkes
Land, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res. 25, 357– 369. [4.6]
Carmack, E. C., R. W. Macdonald, R. G. Perkin,
F. A. McLaughlin and R. Pearson, 1995: Evidence
for warming of Atlantic water in the southern
Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean: Results from
the Larsen-93 Expedition. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22,
1061–1064. [7.3]
Carmack, E. C., K. Aagaard, J. H. Swift et al., 1997:
Changes in temperature and tracer distributions
within the Arctic Ocean: Results from the 1994
Arctic Ocean Section. Deep-Sea Res. 44, 1487–
1502. [7.3]
Carnes, M. R., J. L. Mitchell and P. W. de Witt, 1990:
Synthetic temperature profiles derived from Geosat
altimetry: Comparison with air-dropped expendable bathythermograph profiles. J. Geophys. Res.
95, 17979–17992. [3.3]
Carter, D. J. T., 1999: Variability and trends in
the wave climate of the North Atlantic: a review.
REFERENCES
611