Table 2 Rare earth elements associated with particulate matter in seawater
Atomic number Z
Element
Particulate fraction (%)
N.W. Pacific
a
W. Indian Ocean
b
N. Atlantic
c
Average
39
Y
0.871.6
–
–
0.80
57
La
2.972.2
1.3370.67
3.6870.27
2.65
58
Ce
36.677.6
17.174.1
23.777.6
25.8
59
Pr
5.573.4
–
–
5.49
60
Nd
4.472.7
2.1070.65
3.4270.66
3.31
62
Sm
5.172.9
2.1070.63
2.7570.69
3.30
63
Eu
5.475.6
1.5070.37
3.0070.58
3.30
64
Gd
4.873.1
1.2870.33
1.7070.27
2.58
65
Tb
4.273.7
(1.2)
d
(1.6)
d
2.33
66
Dy
2.873.2
1.0370.35
1.5570.33
1.80
67
Ho
0.8173.0
(0.80)
d
(1.1)
d
0.90
68
Er
0.4573.3
0.5770.19
0.6370.45
0.55
69
Tm
–
(0.50)
d
(0.62)
d
0.56
70
Yb
–
0.4870.20
0.6170.33
0.55
71
Lu
–
0.4470.21
0.4870.34
0.46
a Acid-soluble particulate fraction (>0.04 mm), after Alibo and Nozaki (1999).
b Based on analysis on particulate matter collected on 0.4 mm membrane filters (Bertram and Elderfield, 1994).
c Sum of analyses on successive chemical treatments on 0.4 mm-filtered particles (Sholkovitz et al. 1994).
d Estimated value from neighboring trivalent REEs.
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
5
10
15
0
1
2
3
0
5
10
15
0
1
2
3
Dissolved rare earth elements (pmol kg
_ 1
)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Depth (m)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Depth (m)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Depth (m)
0 100 200 300 400 0 25 50 75 100 0
5 10 15 20
0
5
10
15
0
20
40
60
15
10
5
0
4
3
2
1
0
15
10
5
0
3
2
1
0
12
8
4
0
Y
La
Ce
Gd
Eu
Sm
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Dy
Tb
Pr
Nd
Figure 3 The vertical profiles of dissolved (o0.04 mm) REEs in the western North Pacific (CM-22; &), and the Southern Ocean (PA4; J) from Alibo and Nozaki, unpublished. The North Atlantic profile data based on dissolved (o0.4 mm) REEs (SS-#8; ~) from
Sholkovitz and Schneider (1991) and acid-soluble total concentrations for monoisotopic REEs (DBB-#86/1; ’) from De Baar et al.
(1983) and yttrium (TPG-7/8; m) from Alibo et al. (1999).
44 RARE EARTH ELEMENTS AND THEIR ISOTOPES IN THE OCEAN
Atomic number Z
Element
Particulate fraction (%)
N.W. Pacific
a
W. Indian Ocean
b
N. Atlantic
c
Average
39
Y
0.871.6
–
–
0.80
57
La
2.972.2
1.3370.67
3.6870.27
2.65
58
Ce
36.677.6
17.174.1
23.777.6
25.8
59
Pr
5.573.4
–
–
5.49
60
Nd
4.472.7
2.1070.65
3.4270.66
3.31
62
Sm
5.172.9
2.1070.63
2.7570.69
3.30
63
Eu
5.475.6
1.5070.37
3.0070.58
3.30
64
Gd
4.873.1
1.2870.33
1.7070.27
2.58
65
Tb
4.273.7
(1.2)
d
(1.6)
d
2.33
66
Dy
2.873.2
1.0370.35
1.5570.33
1.80
67
Ho
0.8173.0
(0.80)
d
(1.1)
d
0.90
68
Er
0.4573.3
0.5770.19
0.6370.45
0.55
69
Tm
–
(0.50)
d
(0.62)
d
0.56
70
Yb
–
0.4870.20
0.6170.33
0.55
71
Lu
–
0.4470.21
0.4870.34
0.46
a Acid-soluble particulate fraction (>0.04 mm), after Alibo and Nozaki (1999).
b Based on analysis on particulate matter collected on 0.4 mm membrane filters (Bertram and Elderfield, 1994).
c Sum of analyses on successive chemical treatments on 0.4 mm-filtered particles (Sholkovitz et al. 1994).
d Estimated value from neighboring trivalent REEs.
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
5
10
15
0
1
2
3
0
5
10
15
0
1
2
3
Dissolved rare earth elements (pmol kg
_ 1
)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Depth (m)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Depth (m)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Depth (m)
0 100 200 300 400 0 25 50 75 100 0
5 10 15 20
0
5
10
15
0
20
40
60
15
10
5
0
4
3
2
1
0
15
10
5
0
3
2
1
0
12
8
4
0
Y
La
Ce
Gd
Eu
Sm
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Dy
Tb
Pr
Nd
Figure 3 The vertical profiles of dissolved (o0.04 mm) REEs in the western North Pacific (CM-22; &), and the Southern Ocean (PA4; J) from Alibo and Nozaki, unpublished. The North Atlantic profile data based on dissolved (o0.4 mm) REEs (SS-#8; ~) from
Sholkovitz and Schneider (1991) and acid-soluble total concentrations for monoisotopic REEs (DBB-#86/1; ’) from De Baar et al.
(1983) and yttrium (TPG-7/8; m) from Alibo et al. (1999).
44 RARE EARTH ELEMENTS AND THEIR ISOTOPES IN THE OCEAN