Uranium Series Disequilibrium: Applications to Earth,
Marine and Environmental Sciences, 2nd edn pp. 174–
206. Oxford: Clarenden Press.
Chung Y and Craig H (1980)
226 Ra in the Pacific Ocean.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 49: 267--292.
Coale KH and Bruland KW (1985) Th-234 : U-238
disequilibria within the California Current. Limnology
and Oceanography 30: 22--33.
Cochran JK (1992) The oceanic chemistry of the uranium
and thorium series nuclides. In: Ivanovich M and
Harmon RS (eds.) Uranium Series Disequilibrium Applications to Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences,
2nd edn, pp. 334–395. Oxford: Clarenden Press.
Cochran JK, Bacon MP, Krishnaswami S, and Turekian KK
(1983)
210 Po and
210
Pb distribution in the central and
eastern Indian Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters 65: 433--452.
Craig H, Krishnaswami S, and Somayajulu BLK (1973)
210 Pb–
226
Ra radioactive disequilibrium in the deep sea.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 17: 295.
Dunne JP, Murray JW, Young J, Balistrieri LS, and Bishop J
(1997)
234
Th and particle cycling in the central
equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Research II 44: 2049--2083.
Krishnaswami S (1999) Thorium: element and
geochemistry. In: Marshall CP and Fairbridge RW (eds.)
Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, pp. 630--635.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
Krishnaswami S, Sarin MM, and Somayajulu BLK (1981)
Chemical and radiochemical investigations of surface
and deep particles of the Indian ocean. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters 54: 81--96.
Krishnaswami S and Turekian KK (1982) U-238, Ra-226
and Pb-210 in some vent waters of the Galapagos
spreading center. Geophysical Research Letters 9:
827--830.
Ku TL, Huh CA, and Chen PS (1980) Meridional
distribution of
226
Ra in the eastern Pacific along
GEOSECS cruise track. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters 49: 293--308.
Ku TL, Knauss KG, and Mathieu GG (1977) Uranium in
open ocean: concentration and isotopic composition.
Deep Sea Research 24: 1005--1017.
Moore WS (1992) Radionuclides of the uranium and
thorium decay series in the estuarine environment,
In: Ivanovich M and Harmon RS (eds.) Uranium Series
Disequilibrium. Applications to Earth, Marine and
Environmental Sciences, 2nd edn. pp. 334--395.
Oxford: Clarenden Press.
Moore WS (1999) Application of
226
Ra,
228 Ra,
223
Ra and
224 Ra in coastal waters to assessing coastal mixing rates
and ground water discharge to the oceans. Proceedings
of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth and Planetary
Sciences) 107: 109--116.
Nozaki Y (1984) Excess, Ac-227 in deep ocean water.
Nature 310: 486--488.
Nozaki Y, Dobashi F, Kato Y, and Yamamoto Y (1998)
Distribution of Ra isotopes and the
210
Pb and
210
Po
balance in surface sea waters of the mid-northern
hemisphere. Deep Sea Research I 45: 1263--1284.
Nozaki Y and Nakanishi T (1985)
231 Pa and
230 Th profiles
in the open ocean water column. Deep Sea Research 32:
1209--1220.
Nozaki Y, Turekian KK, and Von Damm K (1980)
210 Pb in
GEOSECS water profiles from the north Pacific. Earth
and Planetary Sciences Letters 49: 393--400.
Nozaki Y, Horibe Y, and Tsubota H (1981) The water
column distributions of thorium isotopes in the western
north Pacific. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters 54:
203--216.
Roy-Barman M, Chen JH, and Wasserburg GJ (1996)
230 Th–
232 Th systematics in the central Pacific Ocean:
the sources and fate of thorium. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters 139: 351--363.
Sarin MM, Rengarajan R, and Ramaswamy V (1996)
234 Th scavenging and particle export fluxes from upper
100 m of the Arabian Sea. Current Science 71:
888--893.
Sarmiento JL, Feely HW, Moore WS, Bainbridge AE, and
Broecker WS (1976) The relationship between vertical
eddy diffusion and buoyancy gradient in the deep sea.
Earth and Planetary Letters 32: 357--370.
224 URANIUM-THORIUM SERIES ISOTOPES IN OCEAN PROFILES
Marine and Environmental Sciences, 2nd edn pp. 174–
206. Oxford: Clarenden Press.
Chung Y and Craig H (1980)
226 Ra in the Pacific Ocean.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 49: 267--292.
Coale KH and Bruland KW (1985) Th-234 : U-238
disequilibria within the California Current. Limnology
and Oceanography 30: 22--33.
Cochran JK (1992) The oceanic chemistry of the uranium
and thorium series nuclides. In: Ivanovich M and
Harmon RS (eds.) Uranium Series Disequilibrium Applications to Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences,
2nd edn, pp. 334–395. Oxford: Clarenden Press.
Cochran JK, Bacon MP, Krishnaswami S, and Turekian KK
(1983)
210 Po and
210
Pb distribution in the central and
eastern Indian Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters 65: 433--452.
Craig H, Krishnaswami S, and Somayajulu BLK (1973)
210 Pb–
226
Ra radioactive disequilibrium in the deep sea.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 17: 295.
Dunne JP, Murray JW, Young J, Balistrieri LS, and Bishop J
(1997)
234
Th and particle cycling in the central
equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Research II 44: 2049--2083.
Krishnaswami S (1999) Thorium: element and
geochemistry. In: Marshall CP and Fairbridge RW (eds.)
Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, pp. 630--635.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
Krishnaswami S, Sarin MM, and Somayajulu BLK (1981)
Chemical and radiochemical investigations of surface
and deep particles of the Indian ocean. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters 54: 81--96.
Krishnaswami S and Turekian KK (1982) U-238, Ra-226
and Pb-210 in some vent waters of the Galapagos
spreading center. Geophysical Research Letters 9:
827--830.
Ku TL, Huh CA, and Chen PS (1980) Meridional
distribution of
226
Ra in the eastern Pacific along
GEOSECS cruise track. Earth and Planetary Science
Letters 49: 293--308.
Ku TL, Knauss KG, and Mathieu GG (1977) Uranium in
open ocean: concentration and isotopic composition.
Deep Sea Research 24: 1005--1017.
Moore WS (1992) Radionuclides of the uranium and
thorium decay series in the estuarine environment,
In: Ivanovich M and Harmon RS (eds.) Uranium Series
Disequilibrium. Applications to Earth, Marine and
Environmental Sciences, 2nd edn. pp. 334--395.
Oxford: Clarenden Press.
Moore WS (1999) Application of
226
Ra,
228 Ra,
223
Ra and
224 Ra in coastal waters to assessing coastal mixing rates
and ground water discharge to the oceans. Proceedings
of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth and Planetary
Sciences) 107: 109--116.
Nozaki Y (1984) Excess, Ac-227 in deep ocean water.
Nature 310: 486--488.
Nozaki Y, Dobashi F, Kato Y, and Yamamoto Y (1998)
Distribution of Ra isotopes and the
210
Pb and
210
Po
balance in surface sea waters of the mid-northern
hemisphere. Deep Sea Research I 45: 1263--1284.
Nozaki Y and Nakanishi T (1985)
231 Pa and
230 Th profiles
in the open ocean water column. Deep Sea Research 32:
1209--1220.
Nozaki Y, Turekian KK, and Von Damm K (1980)
210 Pb in
GEOSECS water profiles from the north Pacific. Earth
and Planetary Sciences Letters 49: 393--400.
Nozaki Y, Horibe Y, and Tsubota H (1981) The water
column distributions of thorium isotopes in the western
north Pacific. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters 54:
203--216.
Roy-Barman M, Chen JH, and Wasserburg GJ (1996)
230 Th–
232 Th systematics in the central Pacific Ocean:
the sources and fate of thorium. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters 139: 351--363.
Sarin MM, Rengarajan R, and Ramaswamy V (1996)
234 Th scavenging and particle export fluxes from upper
100 m of the Arabian Sea. Current Science 71:
888--893.
Sarmiento JL, Feely HW, Moore WS, Bainbridge AE, and
Broecker WS (1976) The relationship between vertical
eddy diffusion and buoyancy gradient in the deep sea.
Earth and Planetary Letters 32: 357--370.
224 URANIUM-THORIUM SERIES ISOTOPES IN OCEAN PROFILES