characterized by a higher polarity than the initial products. In the same way, we observed
that the water soluble fraction (wsf) of Asthart is less harmful to algae than the wsf after
biodegradation of this petroleum which contains large amounts of polar compounds
( Bertrand et al, 1983). Thus, the transformations of petroleum via physico-chemical or
biological processes, have comparable effects (in vitro) on algae growth. High concentrations of petroleum degradation products may be more toxic to algae than the petroleum
itself.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by a grant from the French Elf Petroleum Compagny.
BERTRAND J.C., RAMBELOARISOA E., RONTANI J.F., GIUSTI G. and MATTEI G., 1983. Microbial degradation of
crude oil in sea water in continuous culture. Biotechnol. lett., 5: 567-572.
BROCKMAN U.H., KATTNER G., WANDSCHNEIDER K., JUNGE H.D., HUHNERFUB H., 1976. Natuliche oberflachenfilme im seegebiety vor sylt. Mar. biol., 36: 135-184.
CASSIE V., 1981. Non toxic blooms of Prorocentrum micans ( Dinophyceae) in the karamea bight. New Zealand
jf. of Mar. and Freshwat. Res. 15: 181-1184
DAUMAS R.A., LABORDE P.L., MARTY J.C. and SALIOTA., 1976. Influence of sampling method on the chemical
composition of water surface film. Limnol. Oceanogr. 21: 319-326.
DREYWOOD R., 1946. Qualitative test for carbohydrate material. Ind. Eng. chem. Anal. 18 : 499.
FOLCH J., LEE M. and SLOANE STANLEY G.H., 1956. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total
lipids from animals tissues. J. Biol. Chem, 226: 497-509.
GARRET W.D., 1967. The organic chemical composition of the ocean surface. Deep sea Res. 14: 221-227.
HARVEY R., 1966. Microlayer collection from the sea surface: A new method and initial results. Limnol.
oceanogr. 11:608-613.
HUNTER K.A. and Liss P.S., 1981. Organic sea surface films. In : Duursma E.K. and Dawson R. editors. Mar.
Organic Chem. Elsevier, Amsterdam, : 259-298.
KATTNER G.G. and BROCKMAN U.H., 1978. Fatty acid composition of dissolved and particulate matter in
surface films. Mar. Chem. 6: 233-241.
KUSK K.O., 1981 a. Effects of hydrocarbons on respiration, photosynthesis and growth of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Bot. Mar. 24: 233-241.
KUSK K.O., 1981 b. Effects of hydrocarbons on respiration, photosynthesis and growth of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bot. Mar. 24: 413-418.
LACAZE J.C. and VILLEDON DENAIDEO., 1976. Influence of illumination on phytotoxicity of crude oil. Mar.
Poll. Bull. 7: 73-76.
LACAZE J.C., 1978. Etude expérimentale de l’influence des produits pétroliers sur la production primaire de
l’environnement marin. Thèse de doctorat ès-sciences, Museum d'Histoire naturelle et Université P et M. Curie,
Paris VI : 496 pp.
MIMURA T., and DELMAS D., 1983. Rapid and sensitive method for muramic acid determination by high
performance liquid chromatography with precolumn fluorescence derivatization. J. Chromatography, 280:
91-98.
RAIMBAULT P., 1982. Influence de la température sur la cinétique d’assimilation et le taux de croissance du
phytoplancton. Thèse de 3 e cycle, université Aix-Marseille II : 92 pp.
RAMBELOARISOA E., RONTANI J.F.,GIUSTI G., DUVNJAK Z. and BERTRAND J.C., 1984. Degradation of crude oil
by a mixed culture of bacteria isolated from sea-surface foams. Mar. Biol 83: 69-81.
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626
that the water soluble fraction (wsf) of Asthart is less harmful to algae than the wsf after
biodegradation of this petroleum which contains large amounts of polar compounds
( Bertrand et al, 1983). Thus, the transformations of petroleum via physico-chemical or
biological processes, have comparable effects (in vitro) on algae growth. High concentrations of petroleum degradation products may be more toxic to algae than the petroleum
itself.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by a grant from the French Elf Petroleum Compagny.
BERTRAND J.C., RAMBELOARISOA E., RONTANI J.F., GIUSTI G. and MATTEI G., 1983. Microbial degradation of
crude oil in sea water in continuous culture. Biotechnol. lett., 5: 567-572.
BROCKMAN U.H., KATTNER G., WANDSCHNEIDER K., JUNGE H.D., HUHNERFUB H., 1976. Natuliche oberflachenfilme im seegebiety vor sylt. Mar. biol., 36: 135-184.
CASSIE V., 1981. Non toxic blooms of Prorocentrum micans ( Dinophyceae) in the karamea bight. New Zealand
jf. of Mar. and Freshwat. Res. 15: 181-1184
DAUMAS R.A., LABORDE P.L., MARTY J.C. and SALIOTA., 1976. Influence of sampling method on the chemical
composition of water surface film. Limnol. Oceanogr. 21: 319-326.
DREYWOOD R., 1946. Qualitative test for carbohydrate material. Ind. Eng. chem. Anal. 18 : 499.
FOLCH J., LEE M. and SLOANE STANLEY G.H., 1956. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total
lipids from animals tissues. J. Biol. Chem, 226: 497-509.
GARRET W.D., 1967. The organic chemical composition of the ocean surface. Deep sea Res. 14: 221-227.
HARVEY R., 1966. Microlayer collection from the sea surface: A new method and initial results. Limnol.
oceanogr. 11:608-613.
HUNTER K.A. and Liss P.S., 1981. Organic sea surface films. In : Duursma E.K. and Dawson R. editors. Mar.
Organic Chem. Elsevier, Amsterdam, : 259-298.
KATTNER G.G. and BROCKMAN U.H., 1978. Fatty acid composition of dissolved and particulate matter in
surface films. Mar. Chem. 6: 233-241.
KUSK K.O., 1981 a. Effects of hydrocarbons on respiration, photosynthesis and growth of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Bot. Mar. 24: 233-241.
KUSK K.O., 1981 b. Effects of hydrocarbons on respiration, photosynthesis and growth of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bot. Mar. 24: 413-418.
LACAZE J.C. and VILLEDON DENAIDEO., 1976. Influence of illumination on phytotoxicity of crude oil. Mar.
Poll. Bull. 7: 73-76.
LACAZE J.C., 1978. Etude expérimentale de l’influence des produits pétroliers sur la production primaire de
l’environnement marin. Thèse de doctorat ès-sciences, Museum d'Histoire naturelle et Université P et M. Curie,
Paris VI : 496 pp.
MIMURA T., and DELMAS D., 1983. Rapid and sensitive method for muramic acid determination by high
performance liquid chromatography with precolumn fluorescence derivatization. J. Chromatography, 280:
91-98.
RAIMBAULT P., 1982. Influence de la température sur la cinétique d’assimilation et le taux de croissance du
phytoplancton. Thèse de 3 e cycle, université Aix-Marseille II : 92 pp.
RAMBELOARISOA E., RONTANI J.F.,GIUSTI G., DUVNJAK Z. and BERTRAND J.C., 1984. Degradation of crude oil
by a mixed culture of bacteria isolated from sea-surface foams. Mar. Biol 83: 69-81.
r
626