Freshwater sedimentary materials were amended with 1.0 g of chitin from the freshwater
crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Saline sedimentary materials were amended with a commercially available chitin (Sigma Chemical) from blue crab waste.
Temperature, pH, and flow rate parameters and controls reflected in situ conditions and
are summarized in Table 1. Chitin additions represented in situ measurements of chitin in
freshwater environments (Portier, 1984) and marine environments (Hood, 1973).
An additional microcosm series employed the use of a radiolabelled polymer unit of
chitin,
14 C0 2 expiration rates using methods described earlier (Portier, 1984).
Chemical
Salinity
(ppt
Flow
Rate
pH
Temperature
Toxicant
Concentration
Methyl parathion
0
0.4 ml/min
6.7
28°C
5 mg/L
(MP)
10
0.4 ml/min
6.9
28°C
5 mg/L
20
0.4 ml/min
7.4
28°C
5 mg/L
24
0.4 ml/min
7.5
28°C
5 mg/L
Phenol
0
0.4 ml/min
6.7
28°C
5 mg/L
(PH)
10
0.4 ml/min
6.9
28°C
5 mg/L
20
0.4 ml/min
7.4
28°C
5 mg/L
24
0.4 ml/min
7.5
28°C
5 mg/L
Pentachlorophenol
0
0.4 ml/min
6.7
28°C
5 mg/L
(PCP)
10
0.4 ml/min
6.9
28°C
5 mg/L
20
0.4 ml/min
7.4
28°C
5 mg/L
24
0.4 ml/min
7.5
28°C
5 mg/L
2,4 Dichlorophenol
0
0.4 ml/min
6.7
28°C
5 mg/L
(2,4 DPH)
10
0.4 ml/min
6.9
28°C
5 mg/L
20
0.4 ml/min
7.4
28°C
5 mg/L
24
0.4 ml/min
7.5
28°C
5 mg/L
1,2 Dichloroethane
0
0.4 ml/min
6.7
28°C
5 mg/L
(1,2 DCE)
10
0.4 ml/min
6.9
28°C
5 mg/L
20
0.4 ml/min
7.4
28°C
5 mg/L
24
0.4 ml/min
7.5
28°C
5 mg/L
Kepone
0
0.4 ml/min
6.7
28°C
5 mg/L
(KP)
10
0.4 ml/min
6.9
28°C
5 mg/L
20
0.4 ml/min
7.4
28°C
5 mg/L
24
0.4 ml/min
7.5
28°C
5 mg/L
Table 1 : Operating parameters for microcosm systems.
Residue A nalysis
Residual levels of all toxicants were analyzed using gas chromatography methods as
outlined by Gambrell et al. (1982) or liquid chromatography methods by Shoup et al.
(1982). Compound identification was based on comparisons to known concentrations of
standards.
Data Analyses, Models
Statistical analyses included multivariate analyses for microcosm correlation, together
with SAS and CSMP programming approaches. Biotransformation kinetics interpretation used pseudo-first order and second order kinetics models as outlined by Larson
(1980), Lee (1982), and presented in Portier and Meyers (1984) for microcosm systems.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Sample Preparation
Chitin pieces were cemented with silicon rubber (Dow Corning) to 2.2 x 5.0 cm glass cover
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