256
D. J. RANDALL
Table I
Various Gas Coefficients and Some Other Constants‘
Gas solubilit,y coefficients
(ml/liter/mm Hg)
Viscosity
Water
of water
Fresh water
Seawater (salinity 34-35%)
vapor
(poise,
Temp
(“C)
0
. 5
10
15
20
25
30
37
0 2
0.0647
0.0567
0.0505
0,0455
0.0414
0.0381
0.0351
0.0322
co2 coz/02
2.254
35
1.871
33
1.571
31
1.341
30
1.155
28
0.999
26
0.875
25
0.683
21
0 2
0.0197
0.0433
0.0390
0.0353
0,0324
0.0300
0.0281
0.0256
COzb
1.90
1.57
1.34
1.16
1.00
0.88
0.77
co2/02
38
36
35
33
31
29
28
-
4.58
6.54
9.21
12.79
17.54
23.76
31.82
47.07
dynes/
cm2/sec)
0.0175
0.0149
0.0128
0.0112
0.0098
0.0087
0.0078
a Data from West (1965), Hodgman (1943), Gameson and Robertson (1955)’ Truesdale and Gameson (1957), Strickland and Parsons (1965), Altman and Dittmer (1964),
Kohn (1965), and Kaye and Laby (1958).
“True” diffusion coefficient D (Washburn, 1929)
b Extremely variable, only approximate values given.
Gases in water
D (cm2sec-1)
1 . 9 x 10-6
1 . 7 X
1.24 X 10-6
D’(ml/min/cm2/cm/760 mm Hg)
3 . 4 x 10-6
78.3 x 10-6
(1) O2 a t 18°C
(2) COZ a t 18°C
(3) NaCl at 18°C
NaCl in 0.1 M aqueous solution
Permeation coefficients D’ (Krogh, 1919)
Gases in water
(4) 0, a t 20°C
(5) Cot a t 20°C
(6) Ratio D‘02: D’co2
1:23
Calculated permeation coefficients
Permeation coefficients can be calculated from (1) and (2) assuming the temperature
coefficient of D is 2% per “C and that D’ = Du, where u is the solubility coefficient in
milliliters gas (STPD) dissolved per milliliter of water at a partial pressure of 1 atm
(Dittmer and Grebe, 1958).
0 2 at 20°C = 3.75 X 10-6 ml/min/cm2/cm/760 mm Hg
Cos at 20°C = 93.2 X 10-6 ml/mi11/cm~/cm/760 mm Hg
Ratio D’o~: D’cOz = 1 :25
Other permeation coefficients (ml/min/cm2/cm/760 mm Hg X 106)
Substance
Temp. (“C)
0 2
coz
COZ/Ol
______ ~~
Frog connective tissue
20
1.15
41.0
36
Frog muscle
20
1 . 4
52.W
37
From Wright (1934) assuming a temperature coefficient of 1% per “C for D’. Other
values from Krogh (1941).
D. J. RANDALL
Table I
Various Gas Coefficients and Some Other Constants‘
Gas solubilit,y coefficients
(ml/liter/mm Hg)
Viscosity
Water
of water
Fresh water
Seawater (salinity 34-35%)
vapor
(poise,
Temp
(“C)
0
. 5
10
15
20
25
30
37
0 2
0.0647
0.0567
0.0505
0,0455
0.0414
0.0381
0.0351
0.0322
co2 coz/02
2.254
35
1.871
33
1.571
31
1.341
30
1.155
28
0.999
26
0.875
25
0.683
21
0 2
0.0197
0.0433
0.0390
0.0353
0,0324
0.0300
0.0281
0.0256
COzb
1.90
1.57
1.34
1.16
1.00
0.88
0.77
co2/02
38
36
35
33
31
29
28
-
4.58
6.54
9.21
12.79
17.54
23.76
31.82
47.07
dynes/
cm2/sec)
0.0175
0.0149
0.0128
0.0112
0.0098
0.0087
0.0078
a Data from West (1965), Hodgman (1943), Gameson and Robertson (1955)’ Truesdale and Gameson (1957), Strickland and Parsons (1965), Altman and Dittmer (1964),
Kohn (1965), and Kaye and Laby (1958).
“True” diffusion coefficient D (Washburn, 1929)
b Extremely variable, only approximate values given.
Gases in water
D (cm2sec-1)
1 . 9 x 10-6
1 . 7 X
1.24 X 10-6
D’(ml/min/cm2/cm/760 mm Hg)
3 . 4 x 10-6
78.3 x 10-6
(1) O2 a t 18°C
(2) COZ a t 18°C
(3) NaCl at 18°C
NaCl in 0.1 M aqueous solution
Permeation coefficients D’ (Krogh, 1919)
Gases in water
(4) 0, a t 20°C
(5) Cot a t 20°C
(6) Ratio D‘02: D’co2
1:23
Calculated permeation coefficients
Permeation coefficients can be calculated from (1) and (2) assuming the temperature
coefficient of D is 2% per “C and that D’ = Du, where u is the solubility coefficient in
milliliters gas (STPD) dissolved per milliliter of water at a partial pressure of 1 atm
(Dittmer and Grebe, 1958).
0 2 at 20°C = 3.75 X 10-6 ml/min/cm2/cm/760 mm Hg
Cos at 20°C = 93.2 X 10-6 ml/mi11/cm~/cm/760 mm Hg
Ratio D’o~: D’cOz = 1 :25
Other permeation coefficients (ml/min/cm2/cm/760 mm Hg X 106)
Substance
Temp. (“C)
0 2
coz
COZ/Ol
______ ~~
Frog connective tissue
20
1.15
41.0
36
Frog muscle
20
1 . 4
52.W
37
From Wright (1934) assuming a temperature coefficient of 1% per “C for D’. Other
values from Krogh (1941).