198
C. ALBERS
the buffer substances can be different, the buffer capacity often is expressed per unit weight of the buffer substance and denoted p:
Although p of plasma
of mammals, dB/dpH
Values of p and of dB/dpH are listed in Table V.
proteins in some elasmobranchs is higher than that
of separated plasma in these species is about the same as in mammals
owing to the lower concentration of plasma proteins (Dill et al., 1932).
In most fish, dB/dpH of whole blood is much lower than that of mammals. The main reason is the lower concentration of hemoglobin, which
seems to have the same p in the dogfish as in man ( Albers and Pleschka,
1967). However, there may exist specific differences in the physiochemical properties of the participating buffer substances, as claimed
by Lenfant and Johansen (1966). There is an open field for further research which seems to be of great interest since the buffer capacity is
considered to be of vital importance and a limiting factor for exercise
performance in fish ( Hochachka, 1961).
The sum of the cations available for the buffering of CO, equals the
sum of chemically bound CO, and the dissociated moiety of the buffer
and is often referred to in the literature as the concentration of “buffer
base.” The buffer base can be considered as constant as long as no strong
acids other than carbonic acid are entering the blood. However, if for
instance lactic acid enters the blood, an equivalent amount of c a t’ ions
is converted from the buffer base to the so-called “fixed base.” The
-
Table V
Buffer Capacity of Whole Blood (dB/dpH) and Estimated Buffer Capacity
Der Gram Hemoglohi (b’) for Various Fish
1
Hb
Species
(“C) (g/liter) tlB/dpH
p
Iteferei ices
Opsanus tau
Sconi ber
Prionotics
Cyprinits
Salmo yairdneri
Mustelus canis
Squalus acanthias
Scylaorhinu s
_ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ ~
20
46
6 7
0.147
20
118
14.8
0.127
20
57
6 . 7
0.118
15
92
-
0.160
15
74
-
0.230
22
30
10-20
-
11
30
9
0.117
17
31
10
0.190
Root (1931)
Root (1931)
Root (1931)
Fergiisoii arid Blac:k (1941)
Fergusoii and Black (1941)
Ferguson et a / . (1938)
Leiiftilit aiitl Johanseii (1966)
Albers :tiid Pleschka (1967)
C. ALBERS
the buffer substances can be different, the buffer capacity often is expressed per unit weight of the buffer substance and denoted p:
Although p of plasma
of mammals, dB/dpH
Values of p and of dB/dpH are listed in Table V.
proteins in some elasmobranchs is higher than that
of separated plasma in these species is about the same as in mammals
owing to the lower concentration of plasma proteins (Dill et al., 1932).
In most fish, dB/dpH of whole blood is much lower than that of mammals. The main reason is the lower concentration of hemoglobin, which
seems to have the same p in the dogfish as in man ( Albers and Pleschka,
1967). However, there may exist specific differences in the physiochemical properties of the participating buffer substances, as claimed
by Lenfant and Johansen (1966). There is an open field for further research which seems to be of great interest since the buffer capacity is
considered to be of vital importance and a limiting factor for exercise
performance in fish ( Hochachka, 1961).
The sum of the cations available for the buffering of CO, equals the
sum of chemically bound CO, and the dissociated moiety of the buffer
and is often referred to in the literature as the concentration of “buffer
base.” The buffer base can be considered as constant as long as no strong
acids other than carbonic acid are entering the blood. However, if for
instance lactic acid enters the blood, an equivalent amount of c a t’ ions
is converted from the buffer base to the so-called “fixed base.” The
-
Table V
Buffer Capacity of Whole Blood (dB/dpH) and Estimated Buffer Capacity
Der Gram Hemoglohi (b’) for Various Fish
1
Hb
Species
(“C) (g/liter) tlB/dpH
p
Iteferei ices
Opsanus tau
Sconi ber
Prionotics
Cyprinits
Salmo yairdneri
Mustelus canis
Squalus acanthias
Scylaorhinu s
_ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ ~
20
46
6 7
0.147
20
118
14.8
0.127
20
57
6 . 7
0.118
15
92
-
0.160
15
74
-
0.230
22
30
10-20
-
11
30
9
0.117
17
31
10
0.190
Root (1931)
Root (1931)
Root (1931)
Fergiisoii arid Blac:k (1941)
Fergusoii and Black (1941)
Ferguson et a / . (1938)
Leiiftilit aiitl Johanseii (1966)
Albers :tiid Pleschka (1967)