128
GRAEME CAMPBELL
cretion from the clasper gland. As Nicol (1952) has remarked, these phenomena resemble effects of stimulation of the sacral parasympathetic
system in mammals.
C. Summary
Rather than give a verbal summary, a diagram is presented indicating
sonic‘ of the features of thc autonomic system in gnathostome fishes
(Fig. 6 ) . The diagram represents an interpretation of some of the data
for teleosts which have been discussed in the text. A similar diagram
for a selachian would differ mainly in the lack of a contribution of
sympathetic fibers to the cranial nerves and the presence of an autonomic outflow in the VIIth and IXth cranial nerves. As will be seen
from the text, the evidence for a number of features illustrated in the
diagram is scant.
REFERENCES
Augustinsson, K. B., Fange, R., Johnels, A., and Ostlund, E. (1956). Histological,
physiological and biochemical studies on the heart of two cyclostomes, hagfish
(Myxine) and lamprey (Lampetra). J. Physiol. (London ) 131, 257-276.
BalAn, B. P., Friedman, M. H. F., and MacKay-Sawyer, M. E. (1935). Vagal and
sympathetic innervation of the stomach in the skate. J. Biol. Board Can. 1,
Barrington, E. J. W. (1957). The alimentary canal and digestion. In “The Physiology
of Fishes” ( h l . E. Brown, ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 109-161. Academic Press, New York.
Baumgarten, H. G. ( 1967). Vorkommen und Verteilung adrenerger Nervenfasern im
Darm der Schleie (Tinca vulgaris Cuv.). 2. Zellforsch. Mikroskop. Anat. 76,
248-259.
Bloom, G., Ostlund, E., von Euler, U. S., Lishajko, F., RitzCn, M., and Adams-Ray, J.
( 1961 ). Studies on catecholamine-containing granules of specific cells in cyclostome hearts. Actn Physiol. Scand. 53, Suppl. 185, 1-34.
Bohr, C. ( 1894). The influence of section of the vagus nerve on the disengagement of
gases in the airbladder of fishes. J. Physiol. (London) 15, 493-500.
Bone, Q. (1963). Some observations upon the peripheral nervous system of the
hagfish, Myxine glutinosa 1. Marine Biol. Assoc. U . K . 43, 31-47.
Bottazzi, F. ( 1902 ). Untersuchungen iiber das viscerale Nervensystem der Selachier.
2. Biol. 43, 372-442.
Brandt, W. (1922). Das Darrnnervensystem von Myxine glutinosa. 2. Anat. Entwickltitigvjieschiclite 65, 284-292.
Brecht, K. ( 1947). Ober die wirkung elektrischer reizung des Vagosynipathicus auf
die glatte Musknlatur der Froschlunge und ihre Beeinflussung dnrch Ionen
bei kiinstlicher Durchstromung. Arch. Ges. Physiol. 249, 94-111.
Burger, J. W., and Bradley, S. E. ( 1951). The general form of the circulation in the
dogfish (Sytialus acanthias). J. Cellular Comp. Physiol. 37, 389402.
Burnstock, G. (195th). Reversible inactivation of nervous activity in a fish gut.
J. Physiol. (London) 141, 33-45.
239-250.
GRAEME CAMPBELL
cretion from the clasper gland. As Nicol (1952) has remarked, these phenomena resemble effects of stimulation of the sacral parasympathetic
system in mammals.
C. Summary
Rather than give a verbal summary, a diagram is presented indicating
sonic‘ of the features of thc autonomic system in gnathostome fishes
(Fig. 6 ) . The diagram represents an interpretation of some of the data
for teleosts which have been discussed in the text. A similar diagram
for a selachian would differ mainly in the lack of a contribution of
sympathetic fibers to the cranial nerves and the presence of an autonomic outflow in the VIIth and IXth cranial nerves. As will be seen
from the text, the evidence for a number of features illustrated in the
diagram is scant.
REFERENCES
Augustinsson, K. B., Fange, R., Johnels, A., and Ostlund, E. (1956). Histological,
physiological and biochemical studies on the heart of two cyclostomes, hagfish
(Myxine) and lamprey (Lampetra). J. Physiol. (London ) 131, 257-276.
BalAn, B. P., Friedman, M. H. F., and MacKay-Sawyer, M. E. (1935). Vagal and
sympathetic innervation of the stomach in the skate. J. Biol. Board Can. 1,
Barrington, E. J. W. (1957). The alimentary canal and digestion. In “The Physiology
of Fishes” ( h l . E. Brown, ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 109-161. Academic Press, New York.
Baumgarten, H. G. ( 1967). Vorkommen und Verteilung adrenerger Nervenfasern im
Darm der Schleie (Tinca vulgaris Cuv.). 2. Zellforsch. Mikroskop. Anat. 76,
248-259.
Bloom, G., Ostlund, E., von Euler, U. S., Lishajko, F., RitzCn, M., and Adams-Ray, J.
( 1961 ). Studies on catecholamine-containing granules of specific cells in cyclostome hearts. Actn Physiol. Scand. 53, Suppl. 185, 1-34.
Bohr, C. ( 1894). The influence of section of the vagus nerve on the disengagement of
gases in the airbladder of fishes. J. Physiol. (London) 15, 493-500.
Bone, Q. (1963). Some observations upon the peripheral nervous system of the
hagfish, Myxine glutinosa 1. Marine Biol. Assoc. U . K . 43, 31-47.
Bottazzi, F. ( 1902 ). Untersuchungen iiber das viscerale Nervensystem der Selachier.
2. Biol. 43, 372-442.
Brandt, W. (1922). Das Darrnnervensystem von Myxine glutinosa. 2. Anat. Entwickltitigvjieschiclite 65, 284-292.
Brecht, K. ( 1947). Ober die wirkung elektrischer reizung des Vagosynipathicus auf
die glatte Musknlatur der Froschlunge und ihre Beeinflussung dnrch Ionen
bei kiinstlicher Durchstromung. Arch. Ges. Physiol. 249, 94-111.
Burger, J. W., and Bradley, S. E. ( 1951). The general form of the circulation in the
dogfish (Sytialus acanthias). J. Cellular Comp. Physiol. 37, 389402.
Burnstock, G. (195th). Reversible inactivation of nervous activity in a fish gut.
J. Physiol. (London) 141, 33-45.
239-250.