‘PIIF: RIOI.O(IY O F l’RT4A(llC SBILIMPY IN THE OCEAN
279
stages in S c t y i a 1ucrn.q iind tlic hitter dovelops gradually into a metaniLuplius without moulting. ()coasionally no moult occurred during the
nuuplius phaw (Nakwzawlt, 1 !)32), as Komaki ( I967b) observed in the
euphnii~iid Nctnntoscelia dijkilis H ~ i s e ~ i .
Species of Sergestes and
Bargia h w e trwo zocd st.agw (Wunsrrloos, 1908 ; Nakazawa, 1932 ;
Gurney tml T,r.bour, 1!)41), in Acetes there are throe naupliar stages
and onc z o ~ d stage (Socbjirna, 1926 : Menon, I933 ; Rao, 1968). Lucifer
hnnsmi Nohili hrts two zocsl stages (Gurney, 1927). On the other
hand, Pctaliriiunt sp. (probalbly 1’. foliaceum), though the, nsuplius
has not bwn found yet, has onc unique zoral stage which has uharacters
intcwnctlitrtr htwccw those of‘ ttie ncanthoeomn and the mastigopus
(Chrney. 192’4). C:cnv/,acEns ekgacns has four zoeal stages (Heldt, 1938).
Tho nrcond arid third protozoeal stages of different species of the
genus Bctyesfe,Y H. 1. sometimes look very different in regard to the
structnre of thr carapace. Gurney (1924) and Gurney and Lebour
(1 940) divided thc elayhocaris into three types, called dohmi, ortmanni
and hispida respectively. The dohrni type have supraorbital, lateral
mtl posterior processes with numerous long lateral spines, and the
ortmanni type hnve lateral and posterior processes without laternl
HpineR, h i t with long spines springing from the carapace a t their base.
‘l‘hc hispida type have ltktentl and posterior processes without long
spincs; sonwti tnes with long spiiiiiles i L t base. Re-examination of
thcir diitii suggost that the specie8 in the genus Swgeates excluding the
N. rornirdum group (see Yaldwyii, 1957) represent the dohrni type;
the S. r:ornlrdum group is of the orttrianni type. All species in the genus
LSergiu correspond to the hiapida type.
In thr Curidtw the eggs incwbatrd by thc fcmdes hatch into either
il protomelt or u ZOCN (Pig. 16). ‘i‘hc protozoea and zoea YO grade into
m e ttriot hor that 110 real morphological distinction is possible, and
gcntmdly the etirly stagcbs of vuridetin Iltrvctc arc included in the term
zoes. Incidcwttdly, the earlier li$rvsc of Systellwpis debilis swim, like
thc zoeal stages of the Pcncieidcttt, back down and tail first (Gurney and
Lebour, 1941). The larval development of Pasiphaea and Parapasiphue is seen to be very similar. Both genera have large eggs and
iibbrevintcd ckvt.lopment. Previous reports suggest that there are four
zocal atsgcn (Giirney, 1942 ; Williamson. 1960 ; Elofsson, 1961). The
aurnbtir of 1ikrv:il stages of Acanthephyra is indefinite, but it is seven
or more iii 1-1. purpurea (Gurney, 1942). Its poet-larval clevelopment
has been dcscrihcd by Coutihre (1906). OplophoTw, Ephyrinn, Hymenodora and &ptellaspis, which have large yolk-filled eggs. show abbrcviitted development. There are five larval atages in Hymenhru
glacialis (Stephensen, 1935). Probably Oplophorwr and Sy8tellaspis
279
stages in S c t y i a 1ucrn.q iind tlic hitter dovelops gradually into a metaniLuplius without moulting. ()coasionally no moult occurred during the
nuuplius phaw (Nakwzawlt, 1 !)32), as Komaki ( I967b) observed in the
euphnii~iid Nctnntoscelia dijkilis H ~ i s e ~ i .
Species of Sergestes and
Bargia h w e trwo zocd st.agw (Wunsrrloos, 1908 ; Nakazawa, 1932 ;
Gurney tml T,r.bour, 1!)41), in Acetes there are throe naupliar stages
and onc z o ~ d stage (Socbjirna, 1926 : Menon, I933 ; Rao, 1968). Lucifer
hnnsmi Nohili hrts two zocsl stages (Gurney, 1927). On the other
hand, Pctaliriiunt sp. (probalbly 1’. foliaceum), though the, nsuplius
has not bwn found yet, has onc unique zoral stage which has uharacters
intcwnctlitrtr htwccw those of‘ ttie ncanthoeomn and the mastigopus
(Chrney. 192’4). C:cnv/,acEns ekgacns has four zoeal stages (Heldt, 1938).
Tho nrcond arid third protozoeal stages of different species of the
genus Bctyesfe,Y H. 1. sometimes look very different in regard to the
structnre of thr carapace. Gurney (1924) and Gurney and Lebour
(1 940) divided thc elayhocaris into three types, called dohmi, ortmanni
and hispida respectively. The dohrni type have supraorbital, lateral
mtl posterior processes with numerous long lateral spines, and the
ortmanni type hnve lateral and posterior processes without laternl
HpineR, h i t with long spines springing from the carapace a t their base.
‘l‘hc hispida type have ltktentl and posterior processes without long
spincs; sonwti tnes with long spiiiiiles i L t base. Re-examination of
thcir diitii suggost that the specie8 in the genus Swgeates excluding the
N. rornirdum group (see Yaldwyii, 1957) represent the dohrni type;
the S. r:ornlrdum group is of the orttrianni type. All species in the genus
LSergiu correspond to the hiapida type.
In thr Curidtw the eggs incwbatrd by thc fcmdes hatch into either
il protomelt or u ZOCN (Pig. 16). ‘i‘hc protozoea and zoea YO grade into
m e ttriot hor that 110 real morphological distinction is possible, and
gcntmdly the etirly stagcbs of vuridetin Iltrvctc arc included in the term
zoes. Incidcwttdly, the earlier li$rvsc of Systellwpis debilis swim, like
thc zoeal stages of the Pcncieidcttt, back down and tail first (Gurney and
Lebour, 1941). The larval development of Pasiphaea and Parapasiphue is seen to be very similar. Both genera have large eggs and
iibbrevintcd ckvt.lopment. Previous reports suggest that there are four
zocal atsgcn (Giirney, 1942 ; Williamson. 1960 ; Elofsson, 1961). The
aurnbtir of 1ikrv:il stages of Acanthephyra is indefinite, but it is seven
or more iii 1-1. purpurea (Gurney, 1942). Its poet-larval clevelopment
has been dcscrihcd by Coutihre (1906). OplophoTw, Ephyrinn, Hymenodora and &ptellaspis, which have large yolk-filled eggs. show abbrcviitted development. There are five larval atages in Hymenhru
glacialis (Stephensen, 1935). Probably Oplophorwr and Sy8tellaspis