ANTARCTIC BENTHOS
67
greater than 4 000 m. Only two species, A . weltneri (Gruvel) and A .
compactum (Borradaile) appear to have been recorded from both East
and West Antarctica, perhaps a further indication of our patchy
knowledge of benthic distributions rather than a biological fact which
requires explanation. It may well be that our knowledge of the species
of Antarctic Arcoscalpellum is much less exact than a formal listing
of the species so far recorded and their known distributions would
indicate. Ross and Newman (1969) pointed out that the young stages
of different species are very similar although juveniles are very different
from adults. From the evidence so far available only one species appears
to span a very wide bathymetric range, A . brevecarinatum having been
recorded from 515 to 4540m. Obviously much more material is
needed before the Antarctic species can be expected to provide useful
evidence for biogeography.
The single Antarctic representative of the genus Scalpellum is S.
vanhoffeni Gruvel. Originally described from off the Gauss Winter
Station in depths from 350 to 385 m, it has now been recorded by Newman and Ross from off the South Orkneys in 298 to 403 m.
The genus Litosculpellum includes seven endemic Antarctic species,
L. fissicarinata Newman and Ross, L. aurorae (Bage), L. convexurn
(Nilsson-Cantell), L. simplex Newman and Ross, L. walleni Newman
and Ross, L. discoveryi (Gruvel) and L. korotkevitchae. Apart from L.
walleni described from off Peter I Island in 4 502 m, the only species
with a wide distribution pattern is L. discoveryi, recorded from the Ross
Sea, off the Antarctic Peninsula and off South Georgia, its distribution
perhaps governed by the distribution of large pycnogonids, to which
this species normally attaches itself (Newman and Ross, 1971).
The newly erected genus C7ymrwscalpellum includes the two Antarotio species, G. tarmovi Newman and Ross described from several
stations off the South Shetlands, and G. leoni (Zevina) described from
69'21'5, 14'06'E (Zevina, 1968). Both are endemic to the Antarctic.
Newman and Ross (1971) erected the genus Australscalpellum for the
single species, A . schizmatoplacinum Newman and Ross collected by
the Eltanin from off the South Shetlands and the Antarctic Peninsula.
A single species of Neoscalpellum, N . schizoplacinum comes from the
Southeast Pacific Basin in 4 758 to 4 804 m (Newman and Ross, 1971).
The only member of the suborder Verrucomorpha represented in
Antarctic waters is T'erruca (Altiverrzlca) gibbosa Hoek recorded from the
Bellingshausen Sea and South Georgia, but known elsewhere from a
wide area embracing the southern portions of the Indian, Pacific and
Atlantic Oceans.
The only other barnacle which remains to be discussed has un-
67
greater than 4 000 m. Only two species, A . weltneri (Gruvel) and A .
compactum (Borradaile) appear to have been recorded from both East
and West Antarctica, perhaps a further indication of our patchy
knowledge of benthic distributions rather than a biological fact which
requires explanation. It may well be that our knowledge of the species
of Antarctic Arcoscalpellum is much less exact than a formal listing
of the species so far recorded and their known distributions would
indicate. Ross and Newman (1969) pointed out that the young stages
of different species are very similar although juveniles are very different
from adults. From the evidence so far available only one species appears
to span a very wide bathymetric range, A . brevecarinatum having been
recorded from 515 to 4540m. Obviously much more material is
needed before the Antarctic species can be expected to provide useful
evidence for biogeography.
The single Antarctic representative of the genus Scalpellum is S.
vanhoffeni Gruvel. Originally described from off the Gauss Winter
Station in depths from 350 to 385 m, it has now been recorded by Newman and Ross from off the South Orkneys in 298 to 403 m.
The genus Litosculpellum includes seven endemic Antarctic species,
L. fissicarinata Newman and Ross, L. aurorae (Bage), L. convexurn
(Nilsson-Cantell), L. simplex Newman and Ross, L. walleni Newman
and Ross, L. discoveryi (Gruvel) and L. korotkevitchae. Apart from L.
walleni described from off Peter I Island in 4 502 m, the only species
with a wide distribution pattern is L. discoveryi, recorded from the Ross
Sea, off the Antarctic Peninsula and off South Georgia, its distribution
perhaps governed by the distribution of large pycnogonids, to which
this species normally attaches itself (Newman and Ross, 1971).
The newly erected genus C7ymrwscalpellum includes the two Antarotio species, G. tarmovi Newman and Ross described from several
stations off the South Shetlands, and G. leoni (Zevina) described from
69'21'5, 14'06'E (Zevina, 1968). Both are endemic to the Antarctic.
Newman and Ross (1971) erected the genus Australscalpellum for the
single species, A . schizmatoplacinum Newman and Ross collected by
the Eltanin from off the South Shetlands and the Antarctic Peninsula.
A single species of Neoscalpellum, N . schizoplacinum comes from the
Southeast Pacific Basin in 4 758 to 4 804 m (Newman and Ross, 1971).
The only member of the suborder Verrucomorpha represented in
Antarctic waters is T'erruca (Altiverrzlca) gibbosa Hoek recorded from the
Bellingshausen Sea and South Georgia, but known elsewhere from a
wide area embracing the southern portions of the Indian, Pacific and
Atlantic Oceans.
The only other barnacle which remains to be discussed has un-