66
R. K. DELL
occurs in the bursa of the ophiuroid, apparently with a dwarf male
always in association with the full sized female. On the evidence available at present, the genus appears to be bipolar, with no occurrences
between the Arctic and Antarctic species.
The monograph by Newman and Ross provides a first-class illustration of the way in which the collections made since the I.G.Y. will
revolutionize our concepts of the Antarctic fauna, especially the deeper
water component. The area treated by Newman and Ross can hardly
be covered by any single faunal designation. It is naturally enough
based upon the area covered by the rich collections obtained by the
Eltanin and thus covers what can only be called the Antarctic, Subantarctic and contiguous areas. The monograph deals with 85 species,
29 genera and 9 families, of which 20 species, 9 genera and one family
are described as new. Not all of these new forms come from the
Antarctic, nor even the Subantarctic.
One of the most interesting discoveries made by Newman and Ross
was the presence of the acrothoracican boring genus " Cryptophialus ''
in the Antarctic. The new species tomlinsoni occurred off the Antarctic
Peninsula and in the Ross Sea. The southern group of Cryptophialus
was separated as a full genus, Australophialus, by Tomlinson (1 969).
Australophialus tomlinsoni lives in burrows in dead stylasterine corals,
bryozoans and the shells of other barnacles, in depths from 300 to 641 m,
unusually deep for this whole order.
It is the family Scalpellidae which provides the bulk of the Antarctic
benthic barnacle species, in particular the genus Arcoscalpellum. The
Antarctic genera included in this family are Arcoscalpellum,
Scalpellum (s. str.), Neoscalpellum, Litoscalpellum, Australscalpellum
and Gymnoscalpellurn (the last three genera erected by Newman and
Ross, 1971).
Superficially this diversification of genera and species looks like
another example of explosive speciation in Antarctic waters. However, only one of the genera listed above is endemic to the Antarctic,
and a wide range of species, especially in Arcoscalpellum and Scalpellum are found in deep water in other parts of the world. The predominance of this family in the Antarctic is probably better interpreted
as being simply an extension of the deep water fauna into Antarctic
waters.
Newman and Ross record 20 species of Arcoscalpellum from south
of the Antarctic Convergence, of which no less than 14 seem to be
endemic. A surprising number of these species are known so far from
only one station, or from one restricted area. Eight species have been
recorded only from depths greater than 1 000 m, three only from depths
R. K. DELL
occurs in the bursa of the ophiuroid, apparently with a dwarf male
always in association with the full sized female. On the evidence available at present, the genus appears to be bipolar, with no occurrences
between the Arctic and Antarctic species.
The monograph by Newman and Ross provides a first-class illustration of the way in which the collections made since the I.G.Y. will
revolutionize our concepts of the Antarctic fauna, especially the deeper
water component. The area treated by Newman and Ross can hardly
be covered by any single faunal designation. It is naturally enough
based upon the area covered by the rich collections obtained by the
Eltanin and thus covers what can only be called the Antarctic, Subantarctic and contiguous areas. The monograph deals with 85 species,
29 genera and 9 families, of which 20 species, 9 genera and one family
are described as new. Not all of these new forms come from the
Antarctic, nor even the Subantarctic.
One of the most interesting discoveries made by Newman and Ross
was the presence of the acrothoracican boring genus " Cryptophialus ''
in the Antarctic. The new species tomlinsoni occurred off the Antarctic
Peninsula and in the Ross Sea. The southern group of Cryptophialus
was separated as a full genus, Australophialus, by Tomlinson (1 969).
Australophialus tomlinsoni lives in burrows in dead stylasterine corals,
bryozoans and the shells of other barnacles, in depths from 300 to 641 m,
unusually deep for this whole order.
It is the family Scalpellidae which provides the bulk of the Antarctic
benthic barnacle species, in particular the genus Arcoscalpellum. The
Antarctic genera included in this family are Arcoscalpellum,
Scalpellum (s. str.), Neoscalpellum, Litoscalpellum, Australscalpellum
and Gymnoscalpellurn (the last three genera erected by Newman and
Ross, 1971).
Superficially this diversification of genera and species looks like
another example of explosive speciation in Antarctic waters. However, only one of the genera listed above is endemic to the Antarctic,
and a wide range of species, especially in Arcoscalpellum and Scalpellum are found in deep water in other parts of the world. The predominance of this family in the Antarctic is probably better interpreted
as being simply an extension of the deep water fauna into Antarctic
waters.
Newman and Ross record 20 species of Arcoscalpellum from south
of the Antarctic Convergence, of which no less than 14 seem to be
endemic. A surprising number of these species are known so far from
only one station, or from one restricted area. Eight species have been
recorded only from depths greater than 1 000 m, three only from depths