KJ
I+
TABLE I. SUMMARY OF THE RELATIONSHIP TO TEMPERATURE OF Ciona inteatinalia f. typica
Region
hTo. of
Main
per year
periods
Temperature tolerance range
Zygote4
Larvae
Adults
Depth
Temperature generations
spawning
Sub-Arctic
0 to 500 m
< 6OC
(1
Notknown
(6°C
0 to 21°C
(on Murmansk
coast)
West coast of Norway
ca. 100 m
6 to 9°C
<1
Not known
6 to 18°C
West coast of Norway
0 to 5 m
- 1 to 20°C
2
May-June
8 to 23°C
- 1 to 30°C
in poller
Aug.-Sept
West coast of Sweden
15 to 30 m
5 to 15°C
1
June(-July)
8 to 22OC
6 to 24°C-1 to ca. 30°C
West coast of Sweden
0 to 10 m
- 1 to 18°C
2
MayJune
8 to 22OC
6 to 24°C - 1 to 08.30"C
'
(July-)Aug.Sept.
South coast of England
Surface
6 to 16°C
2(to 3)
Autumn
(Summer)
(Plymouth)
water
Spring
French Mediterranean
Surface
10 to 26°C
At least 3 Greater part
8 to 23°C
coast
water
of the year
(at any rate in
winter)
Gulf of Naples
Surface
13 to 27°C
At least 3
The whole
14 to 27°C
water
year
(in winter upper
limit is possibly
at 23 to 24°C)
Sub-tropical and tropical Surface
20 to 32°C
3 to 4 or
Not known
Upper limit is
water
more
probably sometimes above 30°C
(e.g. at Suez)
8 t o 40°C