364
THE BIOLOGY O F EUPHAUSIIDS
Frost, 1932), in the English Channel (Lebour, 1926a), in the Skagerrak
(&, 1913 ; Poulsen, 1926), and off the east coast of North America
(Smith, 1879; Goode, 1884). Another important scombriform fish is the
tunny, Germo alalunga (Bonnaterre), which also feeds to a large extent
on Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the Bay of Biscay (Joubin and Roule,
1918; Legendre, 1940). The stomachs of two tunny caught during the
Danish Oceanographic Expedition to the Mediterranean in 1911 off
Sicily also contained nothing but large M . norvegica (Ruud, 1936).
The redfish, Sebastes marinus, is becoming of increasing economic
importance and it was from a specimen in the mouth of one of these fish,
as well as from free-swimming animals, that Michael Sars (1857) first
described Meganyctiphanes norvegica. G. 0. Sars (1868) also found
M . norvegica in the stomachs of Sebastes marinus in Norwegian waters.
Boldovsky (1944) states that fish, amphipods and euphausiids are the
dominant components of the diet of redfish from the Barents Sea.
Redfish in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and in Newfoundland waters feed
predominantly on euphausiids, especially Meganyctiphanes norvegica
but also Thysanozssa inermis, T . raschii and T. longicaudata (Steele,
1957; Lambert, 1960). This fish feeds to a lesser extent on other
pelagic organisms such as copepods, amphipods, shrimps and fish.
Many other North Atlantic fish are known to feed to some extent on
euphausiids. Andrews and Lear (1956) found that amphipods and
euphausiids, especially Meganyctiphanes norvegica, formed the main
food of the Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), off the coast of northern
Labrador. Some of the other fish feeding on euphausiids are the Norway
pout, Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson) (Saemundsson, 1937), the pollack,
Pollachius pollachius (L.) (Bigelow, 1926), Ray’s bream, Brama raii
(Bloch) (Legendre, 1924), gurnards (Holt and Tattersall, 1905a ;
Taberly, 1949 ; Nouvel, 1950), the father lasher, Myoxocephalus
scorpius (L.) (Todd, 1907), the megrim, Lepidorhombus whiff-iagonis
(Walbaum) (Hickling, 1927), and the capelin, Mallotus villosus Miiller
(Saemundsson, 1937 ; Zelikman, 1961a). Dogfish live and feed near the
sea bottom and Holt and Beaumont (1902) found a number of
Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the stomach of a black-mouthed dogfish,
Galeus melanostomus (Rafinesque) ; Holt and Tattersall ( 1905a) include
Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the diet of the spiny dogfish, Squalus
acanthias L. Etmopteris spinax L., a member of the dogfish family, had
small squid and Neganyctiphanes norvegica present among the stomach
contents (Fleming, 1925).
Euphausiids such as M . norvegica may be important in the marine
diets of the salmon and trout but there is little information available
on the food of these fish during their sojourn in the sea; Tattersall
THE BIOLOGY O F EUPHAUSIIDS
Frost, 1932), in the English Channel (Lebour, 1926a), in the Skagerrak
(&, 1913 ; Poulsen, 1926), and off the east coast of North America
(Smith, 1879; Goode, 1884). Another important scombriform fish is the
tunny, Germo alalunga (Bonnaterre), which also feeds to a large extent
on Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the Bay of Biscay (Joubin and Roule,
1918; Legendre, 1940). The stomachs of two tunny caught during the
Danish Oceanographic Expedition to the Mediterranean in 1911 off
Sicily also contained nothing but large M . norvegica (Ruud, 1936).
The redfish, Sebastes marinus, is becoming of increasing economic
importance and it was from a specimen in the mouth of one of these fish,
as well as from free-swimming animals, that Michael Sars (1857) first
described Meganyctiphanes norvegica. G. 0. Sars (1868) also found
M . norvegica in the stomachs of Sebastes marinus in Norwegian waters.
Boldovsky (1944) states that fish, amphipods and euphausiids are the
dominant components of the diet of redfish from the Barents Sea.
Redfish in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and in Newfoundland waters feed
predominantly on euphausiids, especially Meganyctiphanes norvegica
but also Thysanozssa inermis, T . raschii and T. longicaudata (Steele,
1957; Lambert, 1960). This fish feeds to a lesser extent on other
pelagic organisms such as copepods, amphipods, shrimps and fish.
Many other North Atlantic fish are known to feed to some extent on
euphausiids. Andrews and Lear (1956) found that amphipods and
euphausiids, especially Meganyctiphanes norvegica, formed the main
food of the Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), off the coast of northern
Labrador. Some of the other fish feeding on euphausiids are the Norway
pout, Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson) (Saemundsson, 1937), the pollack,
Pollachius pollachius (L.) (Bigelow, 1926), Ray’s bream, Brama raii
(Bloch) (Legendre, 1924), gurnards (Holt and Tattersall, 1905a ;
Taberly, 1949 ; Nouvel, 1950), the father lasher, Myoxocephalus
scorpius (L.) (Todd, 1907), the megrim, Lepidorhombus whiff-iagonis
(Walbaum) (Hickling, 1927), and the capelin, Mallotus villosus Miiller
(Saemundsson, 1937 ; Zelikman, 1961a). Dogfish live and feed near the
sea bottom and Holt and Beaumont (1902) found a number of
Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the stomach of a black-mouthed dogfish,
Galeus melanostomus (Rafinesque) ; Holt and Tattersall ( 1905a) include
Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the diet of the spiny dogfish, Squalus
acanthias L. Etmopteris spinax L., a member of the dogfish family, had
small squid and Neganyctiphanes norvegica present among the stomach
contents (Fleming, 1925).
Euphausiids such as M . norvegica may be important in the marine
diets of the salmon and trout but there is little information available
on the food of these fish during their sojourn in the sea; Tattersall