2
J. A . GULLAND A N D J. E. CARROZ
contribute about 10% of the total animal protein intake, but con
siderably more in some areas such as the Far East (see Table 11).
While an increasing proportion of the total catch is not used directly
for human consumption but is converted to fish meal, this fish is used
for producing human food in commercially more attractive forms by
feeding it to chicken, trout, etc. ; recent developments in marine fish
culture suggest that in the future further supplies of fish meal will be
needed to produce valuable marine fish such as plaice (Pleuronectes
platessa L.), sole (Solea solea (L.)) or yellowtail (Xeriola quinqueradiata
(Temminck & Schlegel)) (Shelbourne, 1964), or shellfish such as prawns
or lobster.
The increased catches, due both to increased local fishing and
especially the rapidly increasing number of mobile factory and other
vessels operating far from their home bases, have intensified the
TABLE IA. WORLD FISH PRODUCTION, 1948-65
Million metric tons live weight. (From F.A.O., 1966a.)
1948 1958 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965
Total world production:.
. 19.6 32.8 39.5 46.4 47.6 52.0 52.4
Continent (region)
Africa
.
.
1.0
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.1
North America .
.
3.6
4.0
4.1
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.4
South America .
.
0.5
1.6
4.4
8.3
8.4 11.0
9.0
Asia .
.
.
6.8 14.6 17.4 18.6 19.0 19.3 19.9
Europe
.
.
6-1
7.8
8.1
8.7
9.0
9.7 10.8
Oceania
.
.
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
U.S.S.R.
.
.
1.5
2.6
3.1
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
Group of species
Vrcshwatcr fishes.
.
2.5
5.4
6.4
6.5
6.7
6.8
7.2
Marine fishes
.
.
14.7 23.9 29.0 35.3 36.1 40.7 40.4
Crustaceans, molluscs .
.
2.0
2.9
3.5
3.8
4.1
3.8
4.1
Other aquatic animals and plants 0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
Utilization
Human consumption
Fresh
.
.
9.7 14.5 16.3 16.9 17.3 17.6 17.5
Breezing .
.
1.0
2-7
3.4
4.3
4.7
5.1
5.7
Curing .
,
5.0
7.3
7.5
8.1
8.5
8.4
8.1
Canning .
.
1.4
3.0
3.7
4.1
4.1
4.4
4.8
Reduction
.
.
1.5
4.3
7.6 12.0 12.0 15.5 15.3
Miscellaneous .
.
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Other purposes
J. A . GULLAND A N D J. E. CARROZ
contribute about 10% of the total animal protein intake, but con
siderably more in some areas such as the Far East (see Table 11).
While an increasing proportion of the total catch is not used directly
for human consumption but is converted to fish meal, this fish is used
for producing human food in commercially more attractive forms by
feeding it to chicken, trout, etc. ; recent developments in marine fish
culture suggest that in the future further supplies of fish meal will be
needed to produce valuable marine fish such as plaice (Pleuronectes
platessa L.), sole (Solea solea (L.)) or yellowtail (Xeriola quinqueradiata
(Temminck & Schlegel)) (Shelbourne, 1964), or shellfish such as prawns
or lobster.
The increased catches, due both to increased local fishing and
especially the rapidly increasing number of mobile factory and other
vessels operating far from their home bases, have intensified the
TABLE IA. WORLD FISH PRODUCTION, 1948-65
Million metric tons live weight. (From F.A.O., 1966a.)
1948 1958 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965
Total world production:.
. 19.6 32.8 39.5 46.4 47.6 52.0 52.4
Continent (region)
Africa
.
.
1.0
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.1
North America .
.
3.6
4.0
4.1
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.4
South America .
.
0.5
1.6
4.4
8.3
8.4 11.0
9.0
Asia .
.
.
6.8 14.6 17.4 18.6 19.0 19.3 19.9
Europe
.
.
6-1
7.8
8.1
8.7
9.0
9.7 10.8
Oceania
.
.
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
U.S.S.R.
.
.
1.5
2.6
3.1
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
Group of species
Vrcshwatcr fishes.
.
2.5
5.4
6.4
6.5
6.7
6.8
7.2
Marine fishes
.
.
14.7 23.9 29.0 35.3 36.1 40.7 40.4
Crustaceans, molluscs .
.
2.0
2.9
3.5
3.8
4.1
3.8
4.1
Other aquatic animals and plants 0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
Utilization
Human consumption
Fresh
.
.
9.7 14.5 16.3 16.9 17.3 17.6 17.5
Breezing .
.
1.0
2-7
3.4
4.3
4.7
5.1
5.7
Curing .
,
5.0
7.3
7.5
8.1
8.5
8.4
8.1
Canning .
.
1.4
3.0
3.7
4.1
4.1
4.4
4.8
Reduction
.
.
1.5
4.3
7.6 12.0 12.0 15.5 15.3
Miscellaneous .
.
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Other purposes